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Studentka2010 [4]
3 years ago
8

it is difficult to evaluate the toxicity of substances what factors can vary how harmful a chemical is dose of exposure age and

genetic makeup will affect response to a toxin.
Chemistry
1 answer:
liq [111]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

The explanation is given below

Explanation:

Toxicity is a measure of how harmful a substance is on a living organism (causing illness, injury or even death). There are several factors that must be considered when evaluating toxicity:

- Dose of exposure: the amount of substance to which the organism has been exposed to;

- Frequency of exposure: how many times (and for how long) the individual has been exposed to the substance;

- Age and health condition of the individual exposed;

- Genetic makeup: the genetic backgroun of an organism will determine its response and degree of sensitivity to a given substance.

Moreover, there are five main characteristics of substances that determine its toxicity: Solubility (hidrophilic or lipophilic substances), persistence (for how long the substance remains the same and cause the same damage), bioaccumulation (when the substance is progresivelly incorporated in tissues), biomagnification (when the amount of substance rise along trophic levels) and other chemical interactions (different interactions with other chemicals can increase the degree of damage) .  

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Compound A has the molecular formula C14H25Br and was obtained by reaction of sodium acetylide with 1,12-dibromododecane. On tre
RUDIKE [14]

Answer:

Look at the pictures. On the 1 are compounds A and B. Compound c from b is on the 2nd image. Compound D is on 3rd image. Compound E is the same for compound C.

Explanation:

So for compound A sodium acetylide substitutes nucleophilicaly one Br on 1,12-dibromododecane. Then to obtain compound B sodium amide eliminates another Br. So for acetylene and alkene groups ozonolysis works the same way and we obtain diacid. Lyndlar catalyst works only on alkynes and make cis-alkenes from them. but we have a terminal alkyne for wich no isomers may occur. Pt reduction provides alkanes from both alenes and akynes. And sodium ammonia reduction works only on alkynes to provide trans-alkenes but, as I've said, isomers are not our case. So compounds E and C are the same and undergo same reaction with ozone.

4 0
3 years ago
Given these reactions, where X represents a generic metal or metalloid 1 ) H 2 ( g ) + 1 2 O 2 ( g ) ⟶ H 2 O ( g ) Δ H 1 = − 241
Mazyrski [523]

Answer:

-767,2kJ

Explanation:

It is possible to sum enthalpies of half-reactions to obtain the enthalpy of a global reaction using Hess's law. For the reactions:

1) H₂(g) + ¹/₂O₂(g) ⟶ H₂O(g) ΔH₁= −241.8 kJ

2) X(s) + 2Cl₂(g) ⟶ XCl₄(s) ΔH₂= +361.7 kJ

3) ¹/₂H₂(g) + ¹/₂Cl₂(g) ⟶ HCl (g) ΔH₃= −92.3 kJ

4) X(s) + O₂(g) ⟶ XO₂(s) ΔH₄= − 607.9 kJ

5) H₂O(g) ⟶ H₂O(l) ΔH₅= − 44.0 kJ

The sum of (4) - (2) produce:

6) XCl₄(s) + O₂(g) ⟶ XO₂(s) + 2Cl₂(g) ΔH₆ = ΔH₄ - ΔH₂ = -969,6 kJ

(6) + 4×(3):

7) XCl₄(s) + 2H₂(g) + O₂(g) ⟶ XO₂(s) + 4HCl(g) ΔH₇ = ΔH₆ + 4ΔH₃= -1338,8 kJ

(7) - 2×(1):

8) XCl₄(s) + 2H₂O(g) ⟶ XO₂(s) + 4HCl(g) ΔH₈ = ΔH₇ - 2ΔH₁= -855,2kJ

(8) - 2×(5):

9) XCl₄(s) + 2H₂O(l) ⟶ XO₂(s) + 4HCl(g) ΔH₉ = ΔH₈ - 2ΔH₅= <em>-767,2kJ</em>

I hope it helps!

6 0
3 years ago
Atoms of which of the following elements have the smallest atomic radius?
Ad libitum [116K]

Answer:

The answer is helium, I hope this is helpful :)

7 0
2 years ago
8
Roman55 [17]

Answer:

305 litres of NO gas will be produced from 916 L of NO₂

Explanation:

Given the balanced equation of the chemical reaction as follows:

3 NO₂ (g) + H₂O( l) —— 2 HNO₃ (l) + NO (g)

Under standard conditions, 3 moles of No₂ will react with 1 mole of water to produce 1 mole of NO gas.

Molar volume of a gas at STP is 22.4 L

Number of moles of NO₂ gas present in 916 L = 916/22.4 = 40.893 moles of NO₂ gas

From the mole ratio of NO₂ to NO in the equation of reaction,

Number of moles of NO that will be produced = 1/3 × 40.893 moles = 13.631 moles of NO gas

Volume of 13.631 moles of NO gas = 13.631 × 22.4

Volume of NO gas produced = 305.334L

Therefore, Volume of NO gas produced from the reaction of 916 L of NO₂ with water = 305 L

5 0
2 years ago
In what ways might a company that uses a strong acid handle an acid spill on the factory floor
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Well they would definitely rip up the flooring and replace it 
6 0
3 years ago
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