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Studentka2010 [4]
3 years ago
8

it is difficult to evaluate the toxicity of substances what factors can vary how harmful a chemical is dose of exposure age and

genetic makeup will affect response to a toxin.
Chemistry
1 answer:
liq [111]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

The explanation is given below

Explanation:

Toxicity is a measure of how harmful a substance is on a living organism (causing illness, injury or even death). There are several factors that must be considered when evaluating toxicity:

- Dose of exposure: the amount of substance to which the organism has been exposed to;

- Frequency of exposure: how many times (and for how long) the individual has been exposed to the substance;

- Age and health condition of the individual exposed;

- Genetic makeup: the genetic backgroun of an organism will determine its response and degree of sensitivity to a given substance.

Moreover, there are five main characteristics of substances that determine its toxicity: Solubility (hidrophilic or lipophilic substances), persistence (for how long the substance remains the same and cause the same damage), bioaccumulation (when the substance is progresivelly incorporated in tissues), biomagnification (when the amount of substance rise along trophic levels) and other chemical interactions (different interactions with other chemicals can increase the degree of damage) .  

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How many grams are in 1.76 x 10^23 atoms of iodine
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Answer:

\boxed {\boxed {\sf About \ 37.1 \ grams \ of \ iodine }}

Explanation:

To convert from atoms to grams, you must first convert atoms to moles, then moles to grams.

1. Convert Atoms to Moles

To convert atoms to grams, Avogadro's number must be used.

6.022*10^{23}

This number tells us the number of particles (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.) in 1 mole. In this case, the particles are atoms of iodine.

\frac{6.022*10^{23} \ atoms \ I  }{1 \ mol \ I}

Multiply the given number of atoms by Avogadro's number.

1.76*10^{23} \ atoms \ I*\frac{6.022*10^{23} \ atoms \ I  }{1 \ mol \ I}

Flip the fraction so the atoms of iodine will cancel out.

1.76*10^{23} \ atoms \ I*\frac{  1 \ mol \ I}{6.022*10^{23} \ atoms \ I}

1.76*10^{23}* \frac{1 \ mol \ I}{6.022*10^{23} }

Multiply so the problem condenses into 1 fraction.

\frac{1.76*10^{23} \ mol \ I}{6.022*10^{23} }

0.2922617071 \ mol \ I

2. Convert Moles to Grams

Now we must use the molar mass of iodine, which is found on the Periodic Table.

  • Iodine Molar Mass: 126.9045 g/mol

Use this mass as a fraction.

\frac{ 126.9045 \ g\ I }{ 1 \ mol \ I}

Multiply this fraction by the number of moles found above.

0.2922617071 \ mol \ I*\frac{ 126.9045 \ g\ I }{ 1 \ mol \ I}

Multiply. The moles of iodine will cancel.

0.2922617071 *\frac{ 126.9045 \ g\ I }{ 1 }

The 1 as a denominator is insignificant.

0.2922617071 *{ 126.9045 \ g\ I }

37.08932581 \ g \ I

3. Round

The original measurement of 1.76*10^23 has 3 significant figures (1, 7, and 6). Therefore we must round our answer to 3 sig figs. For this answer, that is the tenths place.

37.08932581 \ g \ I

The 8 in the hundredth place tells us to round the 0 up to a 1.

\approx 37.1\ g \ I

There is about <u>37.1 grams of iodine </u>in 1.76*10^23 atoms.

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