Answer: See below
Explanation: a. The mass of an element is composed of:
protons: 1 amu each
neutrons: 1 amu each
electrons: 0 amu each
Only the protons and neutrons are counted in the atomic mass of an element
b. Electrons are assigned a mass of 0. They do have a mass, but it is exceedingly small compared to the protons and neutrons, so they are left out of the calculation of an element's mass.
c. An element becomes unstable if the neutrons exceed the protons by a certain ratio, dependent on the element.
Answer:
Approximately
, assuming that this acid is monoprotic.
Explanation:
Assume that this acid is monoprotic. Let
denote this acid.
.
Initial concentration of
without any dissociation:
.
After
of that was dissociated, the concentration of both
and
(conjugate base of this acid) would become:
.
Concentration of
in the solution after dissociation:
.
Let
,
, and
denote the concentration (in
or
) of the corresponding species at equilibrium. Calculate the acid dissociation constant
for
, under the assumption that this acid is monoprotic:
.
It has a -1 charge, so it would gain one!