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Maksim231197 [3]

3 years ago

9

A common rule of thumb for controller discretization is to have "6 samples per rise time" in order to achieve a reasonable appro

ximation of the CT controller, without wasting computing resources. Derive the effect on PM that this choice will have. Also derive the relationship of this choice to the effective Nyquist rate for the closed-loop system.

1 answer:

GrogVix [38]3 years ago

3 0

Answer:

From the derivation in the attachment below it

Is clear that discrete time receives phase response

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How can I skip more helppppppppppppppppppppppp

AfilCa [17]

Answer: skip what

Explanation:

4 0

3 years ago

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g Consider a thin opaque, horizontal plate with an electrical heater on its backside. The front end is exposed to ambient air th

xxTIMURxx [149]

Answer:

The electrical power is 96.5 W/m^2

Explanation:

The energy balance is:

Ein-Eout=0

$qe+\alpha sGs+\alpha skyGsky-EEb(Ts)-qc=0$

if:

Gsky=oTsky^4

Eb=oTs^4

qc=h(Ts-Tα)

$\alpha s=\frac{\int\limits^\alpha _0 {\alpha l Gl} \, dl }{\int\limits^\alpha _0 {Gl} \, dl }$

$\alpha s=\frac{\int\limits^\alpha _0 {\alpha lEl(l,5800 } \, dl }{\int\limits^\alpha _0 {El(l,5800)} \, dl }$

if Gl≈El(l,5800)

$\alpha s=(1-0.2)F(0-2)+(1-0.7)(1-F(0-2))$

lt= 2*5800=11600 um-K, at this value, F=0.941

$\alpha s=(0.8*0.941)+0.3(1-0.941)=0.77$

The hemispherical emissivity is equal to:

$E=(1-0.2)F(0-2)+(1-0.7)(1-F(0-2))$

lt=2*333=666 K, at this value, F=0

$E=0+(1-0.7)(1)=0.3$

The hemispherical absorptivity is equal to:

$qe=EoTs^{4}+h(Ts-T\alpha )-\alpha sGs-\alpha oTsky^{4}=(0.3*5.67x10^{-8}*333^{4})+10(60-20)-(0.77-600)-(0.3*5.67x10^{-8}*233^{4})=96.5 W/m^{2}$

3 0

3 years ago

Describe with an example how corroded structures can lead to environment pollution?

raketka [301]

According to EonCoat, corrosion is the process of decay on a material caused by a chemical reaction with its environment. Corrosion of metal occurs when an exposed surface comes in contact with a gas or liquid, and the process is accelerated by exposure to warm temperature, acids, and salts.” (1)
Although the word ‘corrosion’ is used to describe the decay of metals, all natural and man-made materials are subject to decay, and the level of pollutants in the air can speed up this process.

5 0

3 years ago

determine the position d of the 6- kn load so that the average normal stress in each rod is the same.

Zinaida [17]

The load is placed at distance 0.4 L from the end of $$12 \mathrm{~mm}^{2}$ area.

<h3>What is meant by torque?</h3>

The force that can cause an object to rotate along an axis is measured as torque. Similar to how force accelerates an item in linear kinematics, torque accelerates an object in an angular direction. A vector quantity is torque.

Let the beam is of length L

Now the stress on both the end is the same now we can say that torque on the beam due to two forces must be zero

$N_1 * x=N_2 *(L-x)$

also, we know that stress at both ends are same

$\frac{N_1}{12}=\frac{N_2}{8}$

$2 * N_1=3 * N_2$

Now from two equations we have

$$\frac{3}{2} N_2 * x=N_2 *(L-x)$

solving the above equation we have

$$x=\frac{2}{5} L$

so the load is placed at distance 0.4 L from the end of $$12 \mathrm{~mm}^{2}$ area.

The complete question is:

47. the beam is supported by two rods ab and cd that have cross-sectional areas of $$$12mm^2$ and $$$8mm^2$ , respectively. determine the position d of the 6-kn load so that the average normal stress in each rod is the same.

To learn more about torque refer to:

brainly.com/question/20691242

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7 0

2 years ago

A saturated 1.5 ft3 clay sample has a natural water content of 25%, shrinkage limit (SL) of 12% and a specific gravity (GS) of 2

Svetllana [295]

$79 f t^{3}$ is the volume of the sample when the water content is 10%.

<u>Explanation:</u>

Given Data:

$V_{1}=100\ \mathrm{ft}^{3}$

First has a natural water content of 25% = $\frac{25}{100}$ = 0.25

Shrinkage limit, $w_{1}=12 \%=\frac{12}{100}=0.12$

$G_{s}=2.70$

We need to determine the volume of the sample when the water content is 10% (0.10). As we know,

$V \propto[1+e]$

$\frac{V_{2}}{V_{1}}=\frac{1+e_{2}}{1+e_{1}}$ ------> eq 1

$e_{1}=\frac{w_{1} \times G_{s}}{S_{r}}$

The above equation is at $S_{r}=1$ ,

$e_{1}=w_{1} \times G_{s}$

Applying the given values, we get

$e_{1}=0.25 \times 2.70=0.675$

Shrinkage limit is lowest water content

$e_{2}=w_{2} \times G_{s}$

Applying the given values, we get

$e_{2}=0.12 \times 2.70=0.324$

Applying the found values in eq 1, we get

$\frac{V_{2}}{100}=\frac{1+0.324}{1+0.675}=\frac{1.324}{1.675}=0.7904$

$V_{2}=0.7904 \times 100=79\ \mathrm{ft}^{3}$

7 0

3 years ago