Answer:
There's no passage but I can say that matter are that ''thing'' which extend through all Universe, matter is everything. It can be seen or felt as liquid, gas or solid. This changes of its state depend on the amount of energy that is involved.
So, here is used categorical thinking because is a abstract concept that is hard to understand sometimes. It's abstract when we say that matter is all, not just what we see, but even what we don't see like ''Dark Matter'', which is the majority in the Universe.
Answer : Option A) HF.
Explanation : Assuming the complete question as per the attachment.
H-F bonds are formed because of hydrogen bonding between H atom and F atom and is considered to be strongest amongst the rest other options given.
As given in the table it is clear that the molar mass of HF molecule is the lowest. It shows that, when dispersion increases in the molecule molecular weight also increases.
Answer : The energy required to melt 58.3 g of solid n-butane is, 4.66 kJ
Explanation :
First we have to calculate the moles of n-butane.

Given:
Molar mass of n-butane = 58.12 g/mole
Mass of n-butane = 58.3 g
Now put all the given values in the above expression, we get:

Now we have to calculate the energy required.

where,
Q = energy required
= enthalpy of fusion of solid n-butane = 4.66 kJ/mol
n = moles = 1.00 mol
Now put all the given values in the above expression, we get:

Thus, the energy required to melt 58.3 g of solid n-butane is, 4.66 kJ