An important element of the political system as foreseen by James Madison is Interest groups.
Option c
<h3><u>
Explanation:</u></h3>
The group of people with specific political interest is known as political interest group. Many efforts are organized to influence laws and policies of government. These political groups pass laws which benefits their own political group. This group can also be known as special interest group or advocacy groups.
The main purpose of Interest group is to influence public group. The work done by them is to educate the public and also policy makers and their issues. Many ways to fund their causes is also found. The function of interest group is to influence the policy of public in its favor.
Answer: You do not specify what is being asked for. ∆E? ∆H?
∆E = (430 - 238) J = 192 J
∆H = 430 J
Explanation:
If asked for the value of ∆H the answer is simply the change in heat, and in the question, it states introduction of 430 J of heat is causing the system to expand.
Therefore ∆H = 430 J
If asked for ∆E, we know that ∆E = ±q (heat) + work (-P∆V) = ±q + w
The question states that 238 J of work are done AND the system expanded
(work is negative because expansion means work is done BY the system, releasing energy/heat... Conversely, if the system were compressed, work is done ON the system, absorbing heat/energy)
Therefore, ∆E = (430 - 238) J = 192 J
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During the phase transition vapour --> liquid water, the temperature of the water does not change; the molecules of water release heat and the amounf of heat released is equal to

where
m is the mass of the water

is the latent heat of evaporation.
For water, the latent heat of evaporation is

, while the mass of the water is

so, the amount of heat released in the process is
Answer:
The contribution of the wavelets lying on the back of the wave front is zero because of something known as the Obliquity Factor. It is assumed that the amplitude of the secondary wavelets is not independent of the direction of propagation, Sources: byju's.com