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3 years ago

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When a circuit has a supermesh, you write two equations: the supermesh constraint equation and the supermesh KVL equation. You h

ave completed this task. To complete the description of this circuit, two more equations are required, one of which is the KVL equation for the mesh whose current is iziz. Write this KVL equation.

1 answer:

givi [52]3 years ago

3 0

Explanation:

Note: Refer the diagram attached

Apply KVL around $i_{z}$ loop

$\begin{aligned}&5 k \left(i_{z}-i_{y}\right)+2 v_{\Delta}=0\\&5000\left(i_{z}-i_{y}\right)+2 v_{\Delta}=0 \quad \ldots \ldots(1)\end{aligned}$

$From the circuit, \(v_{\Delta}\) can be expressed using ohm's law as,\\\(v_{\Delta}=(1 k ) i_{y}\)\(v_{\Delta}=1000 i_{y}\)$

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g A food department is kept at -12oC by a refrigerator in an environment at 30oC. The total heat gain to the food department is

boyakko [2]

Answer:

a) $\dot W = 0.417\,kW$ , b) $COP_{R} = 2.198$ , c) Irreversible.

Explanation:

a) The power input required by the refrigerator is:

$\dot W = \dot Q_{H} - \dot Q_{L}$

$\dot W = \left(4800\,\frac{kJ}{h} - 3300\,\frac{kJ}{h}\right)\cdot \left(\frac{1}{3600} \,\frac{h}{s} \right)$

$\dot W = 0.417\,kW$

b) The Coefficient of Performance of the refrigerator is:

$COP_{R} = \frac{\dot Q_{L}}{\dot W}$

$COP_{R} = \frac{3300\,\frac{kJ}{h} }{(0.417\,kW)\cdot \left(3600\,\frac{s}{h} \right)}$

$COP_{R} = 2.198$

c) The maximum ideal Coefficient of Performance of the refrigeration is given by the inverse Carnot's Cycle:

$COP_{R,ideal} = \frac{T_{L}}{T_{H}-T_{L}}$

$COP_{R,ideal} = \frac{261.15\,K}{303.15\,K - 261.15\,K}$

$COP_{R,ideal} = 6.218$

The refrigeration cycle is irreversible, as $COP_{R} < COP_{R,ideal}$ .

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3 years ago

Water is pumped from one large reservoir to another at a higher elevation. If the flow rate is 2.5 ft3 /s and the pump delivers

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Answer:

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Explanation:

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3 years ago

A steel bar is 150 mm square and has a hot-rolled finish. It will be used in a fully reversed bending application. Sut for the s

Xelga [282]

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

Given The bar is square and has a hot-rolled finish. The loading is fully reversed bending.

Tensile Strength

Sut: 600 MPa

Maximum temperature

Tmax: 500 °C

Bar side dimension

b: 150 mm

Alternating stress

σa: 100 MPa

Reliability

R: 0.999 Note 1.

Assumptions Infinite life is required and is obtainable since this ductile steel will have an endurance limit. A reliability factor of 99.9% will be used.

Solution See Excel file Ex06-01.xls.

1 Since no endurance-limit or fatigue strength information is given, we will estimate S'e based on the ultimate tensile strength using equation 6.5a.

S'e: 300 MPa = 0.5 * Sut

2 The loading is bending so the load factor from equation 6.7a is

Cload: 1

3 The part size is greater than the test specimen and the part is not round, so an equivalent diameter based on its 95% stressed area must be determined and used to find the size factor. For a rectangular section in nonrotating bending, the A95 area is defined in Figure 6-25c and the equivalent diameter is found from equation 6.7d

A95: 1125 mm2 = 0.05 * b * b Note 2.

dequiv: 121.2 mm = SQRT(A95val / 0.0766)

and the size factor is found for this equivalent diameter from equation 6.7b, to be

Csize: 0.747 = 1.189 * dequiv^-0.097

4 The surface factor is found from equation 6.7e and the data in Table 6-3 for the specified hot-rolled finish.

Table 6-3 constants

A: 57.7

b: -0.718 Note 3.

Csurf: 0.584 = Acoeff * Sut^bCoeff

5 The temperature factor is found from equation 6.7f :

Ctemp: 0.710 = 1 - 0.0058 * (Tmax - 450)

6 The reliability factor is taken from Table 6-4 for R = 0.999 and is

Creliab: 0.753

7 The corrected endurance limit Se can now be calculated from equation 6.6:

Se: 69.94 MPa = Cload * Csize * Csurf * Ctemp *

Creliab * Sprme

Let

Se: 70 MPa

8 To create the S-N diagram, we also need a value for the estimated strength Sm at 103 cycles based on equation 6.9 for bending loading.

Sm: 540 MPa = 0.9 * Sut

9 The estimated S-N diagram is shown in Figure 6-34 with the above values of Sm and Se. The expressions of the two lines are found from equations 6.10a through 6.10c assuming that Se begins at 106 cycles.

b: -0.2958 Note 4.

a: 4165.7

Plotting Sn as a function of N from equation 6.10a

N Sn (MPa)

1000 540 =aa*B73^bb

2000 440

4000 358

8000 292

16000 238

32000 194

64000 158

128000 129

256000 105

512000 85

1000000 70

FIGURE 6-34. S-N Diagram and Alternating Stress Line Showing Failure Point

10 The number of cycles of life for any alternating stress level can now be found from equation 6.10a by replacing σa for Sn.

At N = 103 cycles,

Sn3: 540 MPa = aa * 1000^bb

At N = 106 cycles,

Sn6: 70 MPa = aa * 1000000^bb

The figure above shows the intersection of the alternating stress line (σa = 100 MPa) with the failure line at N = 3.0 x 105 cycles.

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2 years ago

Steam flows steadily through an adiabatic turbine. The inlet conditions of the steam are 10 MPa, 450°C, and 80 m/s, and the exit

8090 [49]

Answer:

a) The change in Kinetic energy, KE = -1.95 kJ

b) Power output, W = 10221.72 kW

c) Turbine inlet area, $A_1 = 0.0044 m^2$

Explanation:

a) Change in Kinetic Energy

For an adiabatic steady state flow of steam:

$KE = \frac{V_2^2 - V_1^2}{2} \\$ .........(1)

Where Inlet velocity, V₁ = 80 m/s

Outlet velocity, V₂ = 50 m/s

Substitute these values into equation (1)

$KE = \frac{50^2 - 80^2}{2} \\$

KE = -1950 m²/s²

To convert this to kJ/kg, divide by 1000

KE = -1950/1000

KE = -1.95 kJ/kg

b) The power output, w

The equation below is used to represent a steady state flow.

$q - w = h_2 - h_1 + KE + g(z_2 - z_1)$

For an adiabatic process, the rate of heat transfer, q = 0

z₂ = z₁

The equation thus reduces to :

w = h₁ - h₂ - KE...........(2)

Where Power output, $W = \dot{m}w$ ..........(3)

Mass flow rate, $\dot{m} = 12 kg/s$

To get the specific enthalpy at the inlet, h₁

At P₁ = 10 MPa, T₁ = 450°C,

h₁ = 3242.4 kJ/kg,

Specific volume, v₁ = 0.029782 m³/kg

At P₂ = 10 kPa, $h_f = 191.81 kJ/kg, h_{fg} = 2392.1 kJ/kg$ , x₂ = 0.92

specific enthalpy at the outlet, h₂ = $h_1 + x_2 h_{fg}$

h₂ = 3242.4 + 0.92(2392.1)

h₂ = 2392.54 kJ/kg

Substitute these values into equation (2)

w = 3242.4 - 2392.54 - (-1.95)

w = 851.81 kJ/kg

To get the power output, put the value of w into equation (3)

W = 12 * 851.81

W = 10221.72 kW

c) The turbine inlet area

$A_1V_1 = \dot{m}v_1\\\\A_1 * 80 = 12 * 0.029782\\\\80A_1 = 0.357\\\\A_1 = 0.357/80\\\\A_1 = 0.0044 m^2$

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A mass of 5 kg of saturated liquid-vapor mixture of water is contained in a piston-cylinder device at 125 kPa. Initially, 2 kg o

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2 years ago