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stich3 [128]
3 years ago
11

Which of the following reactions takes place with an increase in entropy under standard conditions?a. NH4(aq)+ CH3COO-(aq) ---&g

t; NH3 (aq) +CH3COOH(aq)b. CaO(s) +CO2(g) ---> CaCO3(s)c. NH3(g) +HCl(g) ---> NH4+ (aq) +Cl-(aq)d. C2H4(g) +Br2(l) ---> C2H4Br2(l)
Chemistry
1 answer:
Elden [556K]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

a. NH4(aq)+ CH3COO-(aq) ---> NH3 (aq) +CH3COOH(aq)

Explanation:

Entropy -  

In a system, the randomness is measured by the term entropy .  

Randomness basically refers as a form of energy that can not be used for any work.

The change in entropy is given by amount heat per change in temperature.

  • When solid is converted to gas entropy increases,  

As the molecules in solid state are tightly packed and has more force of attraction between the molecules, but as it is converted to gas, the force of attraction between the molecule decreases and hence entropy increases.

So,

The particles of the substance , if are tightly held by strong force of attraction will decrease the entropy ,

And

If the particles are loosely held , the entropy will increase .

  • When liquid is converted to solid entropy decreases,  

As the molecules in liquid state are loosely packed and has less force of attraction between the molecules, but as it is converted to solid, the force of attraction between the molecule increases and hence entropy decreases.  

Hence ,

The order of entropy is -

gas > aqueous > liquid > gas .

Hence, from the question ,

The reaction where there is increase in entropy is  -

a. NH₄(aq)⁺ + CH₃COO⁻(aq) ---> NH₃ (aq) + CH₃COOH(aq)

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6 0
3 years ago
Five kg of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas undergoes a process in a well-insulated piston-cylinder assembly from 2 bar, 280 K to 20 bar
kaheart [24]

This question is incomplete, the complete question is;

Five kg of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas undergoes a process in a well-insulated piston-cylinder assembly from 2 bar, 280 K to 20 bar, 520 K. If the carbon dioxide behaves as an ideal gas, determine the amount of entropy produced, in kJ/K. Assuming;

a) constant specific heats Cp = 0.939 kJ/Kg K

b) variable specific heats

Answer:

a) the amount of entropy produced is 0.731599 kJ/K

b) the amount of entropy produced is 0.69845 kJ/K

Explanation:

Given the data in the question;

5 kg of carbon dioxide (CO₂) gas undergoes a process in a well-insulated piston-cylinder assembly.

m = 5 kg

Molar mass M = 44.01 g/mol

P₁ = 2 bar, P₂ = 20

T₁ = 280 K, P₂ = 520 K

Since its insulated { q = 0 } ( kinetic and potential energy effects = 0 )

Now,

a) the amount of entropy produced, in kJ/K, Assuming constant specific heats with Cp = 0.939 kJ/Kg K

S_{Generation = m × ((Cp × In( T₂/T₁) - R × In( P₂/p₁ ))

we substitute

S_{Generation = 5 × (( 0.939  × In( 520/280) - 0.1889 × In( 20/2 ))

= 5 × ( 0.5812778 - 0.434958 )

= 5 × 0.1463198

= 0.731599 kJ/K

Therefore, the amount of entropy produced is 0.731599 kJ/K

b) the amount of entropy produced, in kJ/K, Assuming variable specific heats.

Now, from  Table A-23: Ideal Gas Properties of Selected Gases;

T₁,T₂ : s₁⁰ = 211.376 kJ/kmol-K, s₂⁰ = 236.575 kJ/kmol-K

now, s₁ = s₁⁰ / M and s₂ = s₂⁰ / M

we substitute

s₁ = s₁⁰ / M = 211.376 / 44.01  = 4.8029 kJ/kg

s₂ = s₂⁰ / M = 236.575 / 44.01 = 5.37548 kJ/kg

S_{Generation = m × (( s₂ - s₁ ) - R × In( p₂ / p₁ ))

we substitute

S_{Generation = 5 × (( 5.37548 - 4.8029  ) - 0.1880 × In( 20 / 2 ))

= 5 × ( 0.57258 - 0.432885997 )

= 5 × 0.13969

= 0.69845 kJ/K

Therefore, the amount of entropy produced is 0.69845 kJ/K

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Answer:

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Explanation:

Given data:

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Now we will put the values.

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