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WARRIOR [948]
3 years ago
9

How many grams of hydrochloric acid are produced when 15.0 grams NaCl react with excess H2SO4 in the reaction

Chemistry
1 answer:
e-lub [12.9K]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

11.65 g

Explanation:

Amount of NaCl  = 15.0 grams

amount of H₂SO₄ = Excess

mass of hydrochloric acid (HCl) = ?

Solution:

To solve this problem first we will look for the reaction that NaCl react with  H₂SO₄

Reaction:

         2NaCl + H₂SO₄ --------> 2 HCl + Na₂SO₄

As the  H₂SO₄ is in excess so the amount of hydrochloric acid (HCl) depends on the amount of NaCl as it its act as limiting reactant.

Now if we look at the reaction

         2NaCl + H₂SO₄ --------> 2HCl + Na₂SO₄

           1 mol                              2 mol  

Now convert moles to mass

Then

Molar mass of NaCl = 23 + 35.5 = 58.5 g/mol

Molar mass of HCl = 1 + 35.5 = 36.5 g/mol

So,

            2NaCl           +      H₂SO₄     -------->       2HCl        +     Na₂SO₄

      2 mol (58.5 g/mol)                                    2 mol (36.5 g/mol)

              94 g                                                           73 g

So if we look at the reaction; 94 g of NaCl gives with 73 g of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in a this reaction, then how many grams of hydrochloric acid (HCl) will produce from 15.0 g of NaCl

For this apply unity formula

           94 g of NaCl  ≅ 73 g of HCl

           15.0 g of NaCl  ≅ X g of HCl

By Doing cross multiplication

           X g of HCl = 73 g x 15.0 g / 94 g

           X g of HCl = 11.65 g

11.65 g of hydrochloric acid (HCl) will produce by 15.0 g of NaCl

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Answer :

(a) The average rate will be:

\frac{d[Br_2]}{dt}=9.36\times 10^{-5}M/s

(b) The average rate will be:

\frac{d[H^+]}{dt}=1.87\times 10^{-4}M/s

Explanation :

The general rate of reaction is,

aA+bB\rightarrow cC+dD

Rate of reaction : It is defined as the change in the concentration of any one of the reactants or products per unit time.

The expression for rate of reaction will be :

\text{Rate of disappearance of A}=-\frac{1}{a}\frac{d[A]}{dt}

\text{Rate of disappearance of B}=-\frac{1}{b}\frac{d[B]}{dt}

\text{Rate of formation of C}=+\frac{1}{c}\frac{d[C]}{dt}

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Rate=-\frac{1}{a}\frac{d[A]}{dt}=-\frac{1}{b}\frac{d[B]}{dt}=+\frac{1}{c}\frac{d[C]}{dt}=+\frac{1}{d}\frac{d[D]}{dt}

From this we conclude that,

In the rate of reaction, A and B are the reactants and C and D are the products.

a, b, c and d are the stoichiometric coefficient of A, B, C and D respectively.

The negative sign along with the reactant terms is used simply to show that the concentration of the reactant is decreasing and positive sign along with the product terms is used simply to show that the concentration of the product is increasing.

The given rate of reaction is,

5Br^-(aq)+BrO_3^-(aq)+6H^+(aq)\rightarrow 3Br_2(aq)+3H_2O(l)

The expression for rate of reaction :

\text{Rate of disappearance of }Br^-=-\frac{1}{5}\frac{d[Br^-]}{dt}

\text{Rate of disappearance of }BrO_3^-=-\frac{d[BrO_3^-]}{dt}

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Thus, the rate of reaction will be:

\text{Rate of reaction}=-\frac{1}{5}\frac{d[Br^-]}{dt}=-\frac{d[BrO_3^-]}{dt}=-\frac{1}{6}\frac{d[H^+]}{dt}=+\frac{1}{3}\frac{d[Br_2]}{dt}=+\frac{1}{3}\frac{d[H_2O]}{dt}

<u>Part (a) :</u>

<u>Given:</u>

\frac{1}{5}\frac{d[Br^-]}{dt}=1.56\times 10^{-4}M/s

As,  

-\frac{1}{5}\frac{d[Br^-]}{dt}=+\frac{1}{3}\frac{d[Br_2]}{dt}

and,

\frac{d[Br_2]}{dt}=\frac{3}{5}\frac{d[Br^-]}{dt}

\frac{d[Br_2]}{dt}=\frac{3}{5}\times 1.56\times 10^{-4}M/s

\frac{d[Br_2]}{dt}=9.36\times 10^{-5}M/s

<u>Part (b) :</u>

<u>Given:</u>

\frac{1}{5}\frac{d[Br^-]}{dt}=1.56\times 10^{-4}M/s

As,  

-\frac{1}{5}\frac{d[Br^-]}{dt}=-\frac{1}{6}\frac{d[H^+]}{dt}

and,

-\frac{1}{6}\frac{d[H^+]}{dt}=\frac{3}{5}\frac{d[Br^-]}{dt}

\frac{d[H^+]}{dt}=\frac{6}{5}\times 1.56\times 10^{-4}M/s

\frac{d[H^+]}{dt}=1.87\times 10^{-4}M/s

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The answer for the following mention bellow.

  • <u><em>Therefore the final temperature of the gas is 260 k</em></u>

Explanation:

Given:

Initial pressure (P_{1}) = 150.0 kPa

Final pressure (P_{2}) = 210.0 kPa

Initial volume (V_{1}) = 1.75 L

Final volume (V_{2}) = 1.30 L

Initial temperature (T_{1}) = -23°C = 250 k

To find:

Final temperature (T_{2})

We know;

According to the ideal gas equation;

P × V = n × R ×T

where;

P represents the pressure of the gas

V represents the volume of the gas

n represents the no of moles of the gas

R represents the universal gas  constant

T represents the temperature of the gas

We know;

\frac{P*V}{T} = constant

\frac{P_{1} }{P_{2} } × \frac{V_{1} }{V_{2} } = \frac{T_{1} }{T_{2} }

Where;

(P_{1}) represents the initial pressure of the gas

(P_{2}) represents the final pressure of the gas

(V_{1}) represents the initial volume of the gas

(V_{2}) represents the final volume of the gas

(T_{1}) represents the initial temperature of the gas

(T_{2}) represents the final temperature of the gas

So;

\frac{150 * 1.75}{210 * 1.30} = \frac{260}{T_{2} }

(T_{2}) =260 k

<u><em>Therefore the final temperature of the gas is 260 k</em></u>

<u><em></em></u>

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