With a ruler and a calculator
Similar elements with similar properties were in the same groups and periods for instance lithium(Li) and sodium(Na) are alkaline metals and so belong to the same group (that is group 1).Also Hydrogen(H) and Helium(He) both have only one shell or energy level and so belong to the same period.
Because Mars is further from the sun than Earth is, thus the gravitational pull is not as great on Mars as it is on Earth, making us lighter :)
Well if we don't recycle paper and use it up too fast, more trees would be chopped down, which is not good for the environment. Plastic can be dangerous and release toxic chemicals so we have to handel it well. Btw, what grade are you in?