Answer:
Population inversion, in physics, the redistribution of atomic energy levels that takes place in a system so that laser action can occur. Although absorption and emission of energy is a continuous process, the statistical distribution (population) of atoms in the various energy states is constant. ...
laser inversion is photon that can stimulate the production of other photons of exactly the same wavelength because of stimulated emission of radiation.
Explanation:
Answer:
Part a)
![I_{end} = \frac{mL^2}{3}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=I_%7Bend%7D%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7BmL%5E2%7D%7B3%7D)
Part b)
![I_{edge} = \frac{2ma^2}{3}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=I_%7Bedge%7D%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B2ma%5E2%7D%7B3%7D)
Explanation:
As we know that by parallel axis theorem we will have
![I_p = I_{cm} + Md^2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=I_p%20%3D%20I_%7Bcm%7D%20%2B%20Md%5E2)
Part a)
here we know that for a stick the moment of inertia for an axis passing through its COM is given as
![I = \frac{mL^2}{12}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=I%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7BmL%5E2%7D%7B12%7D)
now if we need to find the inertia from its end then we will have
![I_{end} = I_{cm} + Md^2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=I_%7Bend%7D%20%3D%20I_%7Bcm%7D%20%2B%20Md%5E2)
![I_{end} = \frac{mL^2}{12} + m(\frac{L}{2})^2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=I_%7Bend%7D%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7BmL%5E2%7D%7B12%7D%20%2B%20m%28%5Cfrac%7BL%7D%7B2%7D%29%5E2)
![I_{end} = \frac{mL^2}{3}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=I_%7Bend%7D%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7BmL%5E2%7D%7B3%7D)
Part b)
here we know that for a cube the moment of inertia for an axis passing through its COM is given as
![I = \frac{ma^2}{6}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=I%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7Bma%5E2%7D%7B6%7D)
now if we need to find the inertia about an axis passing through its edge
![I_{edge} = I_{cm} + Md^2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=I_%7Bedge%7D%20%3D%20I_%7Bcm%7D%20%2B%20Md%5E2)
![I_{edge} = \frac{ma^2}{6} + m(\frac{a}{\sqrt2})^2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=I_%7Bedge%7D%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7Bma%5E2%7D%7B6%7D%20%2B%20m%28%5Cfrac%7Ba%7D%7B%5Csqrt2%7D%29%5E2)
![I_{edge} = \frac{2ma^2}{3}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=I_%7Bedge%7D%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B2ma%5E2%7D%7B3%7D)
Answer:
The magnitude of the flux of electric field through a square of surface area is zero.
Explanation:
![E=100 NC^{-1}\\\\A=2 m^2\\\\Electic\,\,flux\,\,flux\,\,is\,\,given\,\,as:\\\\\phi_E=E.A\,cos\,\theta](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=E%3D100%20NC%5E%7B-1%7D%5C%5C%5C%5CA%3D2%20m%5E2%5C%5C%5C%5CElectic%5C%2C%5C%2Cflux%5C%2C%5C%2Cflux%5C%2C%5C%2Cis%5C%2C%5C%2Cgiven%5C%2C%5C%2Cas%3A%5C%5C%5C%5C%5Cphi_E%3DE.A%5C%2Ccos%5C%2C%5Ctheta)
It is given that square box is parallel to yz-plane which has normal vector perpendicular to plane in x-direction. Angle between normal vector of area and electric field is 90°. Substituting in (1)
![\phi_E=E.A\,cos\,(90^o)\\\\\phi_E=0](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cphi_E%3DE.A%5C%2Ccos%5C%2C%2890%5Eo%29%5C%5C%5C%5C%5Cphi_E%3D0)