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English "natural philosopher" (the contemporary term for physicist) Michael Faraday is renowned for his discovery of the principles of electro-magnetic induction and electro-magnetic rotation, the interaction between electricity and magnetism that led to the development of the electric motor and generator. The unit of measurement of electrical capacitance - the farad (F) - is named in his honor.
Faraday's experimental work in chemistry, which included the discovery of benzene, also led him to the first documented observation of a material that we now call a semiconductor. While investigating the effect of temperature on "sulphurette of silver" (silver sulfide) in 1833 he found that electrical conductivity increased with increasing temperature. This effect, typical of semiconductors, is the opposite of that measured in metals such as copper, where conductivity decreases as temperature is increased.
In a chapter entitled "On Conducting Power Generally" in his book Experimental Researches in Electricity Faraday writes "I have lately met with an extraordinary case ... which is in direct contrast with the influence of heat upon metallic bodies ... On applying a lamp ... the conducting power rose rapidly with the heat ... On removing the lamp and allowing the heat to fall, the effects were reversed."
We now understand that raising the temperature of most semiconductors increases the density of charge carriers inside them and hence their conductivity. This effect is used to make thermistors - special resistors that exhibit a decrease in electrical resistance (or an increase in conductivity) with an increase in temperature.
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Contemporary Documents
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<span>Faraday, M. Experimental Researches in Electricity, Volume 1. (London: Richard and John Edward Taylor, 1839) pp.122-124 (para. 432). Note: This section appears on different pages in later editions of the book. The material in the book is reprinted from articles by Faraday published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of 1831-1838. </span>
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More Information
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<span>Hirshfeld, Alan W. The Electric Life of Michael Faraday. Walker & Company (March 7, 2006).</span>
<span>Friedel, Robert D. Lines and Waves: Faraday, Maxwell and 150 Years of Electromagnetism. Center for the History of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (1981).</span>
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Finding acceleration= final speed-initial speed/time taken (or A=V-U\T)
Finial speed= 27.8s
Initial speed= 0s
Time taken= 5.15
So..
27.8-0/5.15= 5.40m/s (rounded to two decimal places)
Answer:
The handrails must be approximately 10.63 meters long
Explanation:
The given parameters are;
The height of the bleachers, h = 8 m
The depth of the bleachers, d = 7 m
The length of the hand rails to go along the bleachers from bottom to top is given by Pythagoras' Theorem as follows;
The length of the hand rail = √(d² + h²)
∴ The length of the hand rail = √(7² + 8²) = √113 ≈ 10.63
In order for the handrails to go along the bleachers from top to bottom, they must be approximately 10.63 meters long.
Answer:
D.Entropy tends to increase.
Explanation:
The second of thermodynamics states that the state of entropy of the entire universe,as an isolate system, will always increase over time
Answer:
A-500 N
Explanation:
The computation of the tension in the chain is shown below
As we know that
F = ma
where
F denotes force
m denotes mass = 7
And, a denotes acceleration
Now for the acceleration we have to do the following calculations
The speed (v) of the hammer is
v = Angular speed × radius
where,
Angular seed = 2 × π ÷ Time Period
So, v = 2 × π × r ÷ P
v = 2 × 3.14 × 1.8 ÷ 1
= 11.304 m/s
Now
a = v^2 ÷ r
= 70.98912 m/s^2
Now the tension is
T = F = m × a
= 7 × 70.98912
= 496.92384 N
= 500 N
