<span>Fungal diseases are difficult to treat mainly because they are eukaryotic organisms just like us humans, and therefore have less differences for drugs to target without harming the human body as well. Most antibiotics target e.g. the peptidoglycan layer in the bacterial (a prokaryote) cell wall, which is a safe target since eukaryotic cells do not have equivalent structures. Similarly many differences in metabolic pathways between humans and prokaryotes is often targeted by antibiotics, but metabolism of fungi and humans is much more uniform, and hence it is difficult to exclusively target the fungi only.
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Covalent example ch4 where carbon is covalently bonded with all 4 hydrogens
Answer:
A. How the concentration of the reactants affects the rate of a reaction
Explanation:
Let's consider a generic reaction.
A + B ⇒ Products
The generic rate law is:
rate = k × [A]ᵃ × [B]ᵇ
where,
- rate: rate of the reaction
- [A] and [B]: molar concentrations of the reactants
As we can see, the rate law shows how the concentration of the reactants affects the rate of a reaction.
Answer:
Q1) Distillation relies on evaporation to purify water
Explanation:
contaminated water is heated to form steam. inorganic compounds and large non-volatile organic molecules do not evaporate with the water and are left behind. The steam then cools and condenses to form purified water
Answer:
Cu
Fe
Explanation:
Oxidizing agents:
Oxidizing agents oxidize the other elements and itself gets reduced.
Reducing agents:
Reducing agents reduced the other element are it self gets oxidized.
Oxidation:
Oxidation involve the removal of electrons and oxidation state of atom of an element is increased.
Reduction:
Reduction involve the gain of electron and oxidation number is decreased.
a) Cu²⁺ (aq) + Mg(s) + Cu(s) + Mg²⁺(aq)
Copper is oxidizing agent it accept two electrons from magnesium and oxidize the Mg and itself get reduced.
b) Fe₂O₃(s) + 3CO(g) → 2Fe(l) + 3CO₂(g)
In this reaction iron is oxidizing agent because iron itself reduced from +3 to 0.
