Answer:
a. Covalent modification = Seconds to minutes
b. Allosteric control = Milliseconds
c. Gene expression = Hours
Explanation:
Covalent modifications refer to the addition and/or removal of chemical groups by the action of particular enzymes such as methylases, acetylases, phosphorylases, phosphatases, etc. For example, histones are chromatin-associated proteins covalently modified by enzymes that add methyl groups (histone methylation), acetyl groups (histone acetylation), phosphate groups (histone phosphorylation), etc. Moreover, allosteric control, also known as allosteric regulation, is a type of regulation of the enzyme activity by binding an effector molecule (allosteric modulator) at a different site than the enzyme's active site, thereby triggering a conformational change on the enzyme upon binding of an effector. Finally, gene expression encompasses the cellular processes by which genetic information flows from genes to proteins (i.e., transcription >> translation). In metabolic pathways, enzymes that are able to catalyze irreversible reactions represent sites of control (for example, during glycolysis, pyruvate kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes an irreversible reaction, thereby serving as a control site). In turn, enzymatic activity is modulated by covalent modifications or reversible binding of allosteric effectors. Finally, metabolic pathways are also modulated by gene regulatory mechanisms that control the transcription of specific enzymes required for such pathways. During these processes, the times required for allosteric regulation, covalent modification (e.g., phosphorylation) and transcriptional control can be counted in milliseconds, seconds, and hours, respectively.
Answer:
The diffusion coefficients for iron in nickel are given at two temperatures:
T (K) 1273 1473
D (
/s) 9.4 × 
2.4 × 
(a) Determine the values of Do and the activation energy Qd.
(b) What is the magnitude of D at 1100°C (1373 K)?
<em>A </em>
<em>The pre-exponential factor Do = 2.1 x </em><em></em>
<em>The activation energy Qd = 252,609 J/mol</em>
<em>B</em>
<em>The diffusion coefficient D= 5.14 x </em>
<em></em>
Explanation:
The full explanation is contained in the attached images;
Answer:
This shows that the technological designs are similar to the scientific investigation processes.
Explanation:
Scientists carry out scientific investigations and discoveries. They learn from their environment by investigating the natural world. The scientist investigates by problem identification, research the related information, designing and conceptualizing, investigating and analyzing the results and deriving out conclusions.
Similarly the engineers follow the same step and provide solutions to the problems of the society through their products and technological designs. The engineers first identify the need of the product, design and implement the design to provide solution and then evaluate the solution. These are the similar steps that an engineer follow in a technological design of a product or a solution.
Answer:
let number = 0
while number < 1
begin
print "Enter a positive integer: "
read number
end
end_while
find and print number's factors:
let prime = TRUE
let currentFactor = 2
let lastFactor = the square root of number truncated
to an integer value
while currentFactor <= lastFactor
begin
if number is evenly divisible by currentFactor
begin
print currentFactor
let number = number / currentFactor
end
else
let currentFactor = currentFactor + 1
end_if
end
end_while
print a message if number is prime:
if prime == TRUE
print "Your number is prime"
end_if
Explanation:
