Answer:
(a) 
(b) 
Explanation:
(a) The surface current density of a conductor is the current flowing per unit length of the conductor.

Considering a wire, the current is uniformly distributed over the circumferenece of the wire.

The radius of the wire = a

The surface current density 
(b) The current density is inversely proportional
......(1)
k is the constant of proportionality

........(2)
substituting (1) into (2)





substitute 

Answer:1. Transparent
2. Transparent
3. Opaque
Explanation: In a transparent medium light can pass through. For opaque objects it does not allow to pass through instead it is reflected back.
Clock wise idk i think you should double check my answer
Answer:
A. I and V
Explanation:
According to Le Chatelier's Principle, increasing the product side will cause the equilibrium to shift back towards the reactant side, so I is true. By the same principle, II is false.
For gases, decreasing the pressure will cause the equilibrium to shift towards the side with higher number of moles. So V is true.
The reaction is endothermic, so increasing the temperature will shift the equilibrium to the products, so IV is false. And adding a catalyst has no effect on the equilibrium, so III is false.
Well first a person makes a claim that a certain idea might make a great show. They get a control group together to test this theory and gather evidence that shows that people are interested. then the claimer uses reasoning to persuade potential directors and producers.
hope this helps you out!!:)))