Answer:
-Growth of plants on the rock.
-Temperature and pressure changes in nature.
-Freezing and thawing of water in cracks of the rock.
-Formation of salt crystals within the rock.
-Burrowing by animals.
those are some factors I know
hope this helped you
Answer 1) When a strong acid like

reacts with

usually the equilibrium shifts to the right because
As per the Le chatelier's principle "if in any reaction, a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the any of the conditions, the position of equilibrium moves to counteract the change." So, in the given reaction when

reacts with

it generates carbon dioxide and water as a by product, if we are adding

it will remove some of the

molecule from the reaction mixture, which then tends to shift the equilibrium towards right.
Answer 2) The same would be observed in this case, if we replace

with HCl it will shift the equilibrium to the right as their will be generation of AgCl as the precipitate.
As per the definition of Le Chatelier's principle if we add reactants in the reaction the equilibrium will tend to move towards right, also if we replace the products or remove it then too it will shift the equilibrium towards right. So, in this reaction you are removing

and

ions from the solution.
Answer:
Heat transfer = Q = 62341.6 J
Explanation:
Given data:
Heat transfer = ?
Mass of water = 50.0 g
Initial temperature = 30.0°C
Final temperature = 55.0°C
Specific heat capacity of water = 4.184 J/g.K
Solution:
Formula:
Q = m.c. ΔT
Q = amount of heat absorbed or released
m = mass of given substance
c = specific heat capacity of substance
ΔT = change in temperature
ΔT = 55.0°C - 30.0°C
ΔT = 25°C (25+273= 298 K)
Q = 50.0 g × 4.184 J/g.K ×298 K
Q = 62341.6 J
10% is normally how it works .
For example like 1,000 is the top the next level would be 100 then the next would be 10
Magnesium will give two electrons to oxygen and both will become ions.