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Tema [17]
3 years ago
6

Name the phase transition in each of the following situa- tions and indicate whether it is exothermic or endothermic: (a) Bromin

e vapor turns to bromine liquid as it is cooled. (b) Crystals of iodine disappear from an evaporat- ing dish as they stand in a fume hood. (c) Rubbing alcohol in an open container slowly disappears. (d) Molten lava from a volcano turns into solid rock.
Chemistry
1 answer:
bezimeni [28]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

(a)  Condensation:Exothermic

(b)  Sublimation: Endothermic

(c)  Vaporization: Endothermic

(d) Freezing: Exothermic

Explanation:

When a phase change occurs, for example going from a liquid to a gas we need to increase the kinetic energy of the molecules to escape to the gas phase where the kinetic energy of the molecules is greater. By the contrary if we remove energy we slow down the molecules increasing their atttraction and slowing them as it occurs when the  goes into the liquid state, hence this phase change is exothermic.

(a)  Condensation : when the phase change is from a gas by definition we have a condensation phase chanhe. The reaction is exothermic, we need to cool the gas to condense.

(b)  Sublimation: crystals of iodine disappear from an evaporating dish as they stand in a fume hood : this phase change receives the name of sublimation and it occurs when a solid goes directly to the gas phase without going through the liquid phase. We need to increase the energy of the molecules so it can go to the gas phase and the change is endothermic.

(c)  Vaporization : rubbing alcohol in an open container slowly disappears: this phase change is vaporization and by difinition is when the liquid goes to the gas phase, hence its name vaporization. The change is endothermic, we need heat  from the sorroundings to give the molecules of the liquid enough energy to escape into the vapor phase.

(d) Molten lava from a volcano turns into solid rock : this phase change is freezing and we need to lower the energy of the liquid by releasing it to the sorroundings, therore it is an exothermic phase change.

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Explanation:

Let's solve this with rules of three, although there is a formula to see it easier

In 1000 mL (1L), we have 2 moles of NaOH

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More easy:

1 L of solution has 0.5 moles of NaOH

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Explanation:

They are related by the the density triangle.

Explanation:

They are related by the the density triangle.

mcdn1.teacherspayteachers.com

d =

m

V

m = d×V

V =

m

d

DENSITY

Density is defined as mass per unit volume.

d =

m

V

Example:

A brick of salt measuring 10.0 cm x 10.0 cm x 2.00 cm has a mass of 433 g. What is its density?

Step 1: Calculate the volume

V = lwh = 10.0 cm × 10.0 cm × 2.00 cm = 200 cm³

Step 2: Calculate the density

d =

m

V

=

433

g

200

c

m

³

= 2.16 g/cm³

MASS

d =

m

V

We can rearrange this to get the expression for the mass.

m = d×V

Example:

If 500 mL of a liquid has a density of 1.11 g/mL, what is its mass?

m = d×V = 500 mL ×

1.11

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VOLUME

d =

m

V

We can rearrange this to get the expression for the volume.

V =

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d

Example:

What is the volume of a bar of gold that has a mass of 14.83 kg. The density of gold is 19.32 g/cm³.

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14.83 kg ×

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Step 2: Calculate the volume.

V =

m

d

= 14 830 g ×

1

c

m

³

19.32

g

= 767.6 cm³

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