1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
Alexxx [7]
3 years ago
11

Glycolysis is the process by which energy is harvested from glucose by living things. Several of the reactions of glycolysis are

thermo dynamically unfavorable (nonspontaneous), but proceed when they are coupled with other reactions.
Which of the following reaction is unfavorable?
Reaction A: Pi+glucose⟶glucose-6-phosphate+H2OΔG=13.8 kJ/mol
Reaction B: Pi+fructose-6-phosphate⟶fructose-1,6-bisphosphate+H2OΔG=16.3 kJ/mol
Reaction C: ATP+H2O⟶ADP+PiΔG=−30.5 kJ/mol Select every unfavorable reaction.
Chemistry
1 answer:
nika2105 [10]3 years ago
6 0

Answer: Reaction A: pi + glucose ⇒ glucose-6-phosphate + H2O ΔG = 13.8 kJ/mol

Reaction B: pi + frutose-6-phosphate ⇒fructose-1,6-biphosphate + H2O ΔG = 16.3kJ/mol

Explanation: ΔG is the representation of the change in Gibbs Free Energy and relates enthalpy and entropy in a single value, which is:

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

where:

ΔH is enthalpy

T is temperature

ΔS is entropy (measure of the )

It can also predict the direction of the reaction with the conditions of temperature and pressure being constant.

When the change is positive, the reaction is non-spontaneous, which means the reaction needs external energy to occur. If the change is negative, it is spontaneous, i.e., happens without external help.

Analyzing the reaction, we see that reaction A and B have a positive ΔG, while reaction C is negative, so the reaction that are unfavorable or nonspontaneous are <u>reactions A and B</u>.

You might be interested in
Label each process as a physical or chemical change and state how you know.
Anuta_ua [19.1K]

Fogging a mirror with your breath is a physical change because it involves a phase change of water vapor condensing and adsorbing to the mirror surface. Phase changes are physical changes.

Breaking a bone is a physical change insofar as we're focusing on the  "breaking" part.

Mending a broken bone, however, is a different story. Bones are living things: They consist of tissues that in turn consist of cells. The actual mending process involves some very complicated biochemistry. Suffice it to say that mending a broken bone would be a chemical change.

Burning paper is a chemical change. Burning anything implies combustion, which is a chemical reaction where some fuel is oxidized (usually by oxygen gas, producing carbon dioxide gas and water vapor).

Slicing potatoes for fries is a physical change. You can slice, dice, smash, mash, stretch, bend, compress, or grind a potato: What you will have is still a potato (okay, there are some chemical changes going on as you're rupturing cells in the process, causing them to release their contents which may participate in chemical reactions). But the key, again, is that cutting up some material doesn't fundamentally change the chemical identity of that material.

Mixing sugar with coffee actually involves two physical processes: the mixing and the (presumed) solvation of the solid sugar particles as they dissolve into the coffee. In either case, either mixing or dissolving would be a physical change. The sugar molecules are still in the coffee and are chemically unchanged.

Frying chicken is a chemical change. In fact, frying chicken likely entails several different types of chemical changes. The common thread among them is that frying involves breaking chemical bonds in and on the chicken by the addition of thermal energy, and new chemical bonds end up being formed. That's the hallmark of a chemical change.

A nail rusting is a chemical change. Rusting is an electrochemical process; the familiar corrosion of iron into rust is, at bottom, a chemical reaction where iron reacts with oxygen to form iron oxides (often catalyzed by the presence of water and salts).

A paper ripping is analogous to slicing potatoes: it's a physical change. If you ripped one sheet of paper into two halves, each half would retain all the chemical properties of the original sheet.

Likewise, wood burning is analogous to burning paper, and as such is a chemical change. Again, combustion is a chemical process.

As we said earlier with sugar in coffee, mixing in itself is a physical process. While it may seem like you've permanently changed the nature of the water by dyeing it with food coloring, the molecules comprising the food coloring are simply dispersed within the vast sea of water molecules. There are no intramolecular bonds that are broken or formed; the chemical identities of all the substances here are preserved. So, this is a physical change.

Food molding (rotting) is a chemical change. Rotting is biochemical decomposition: the chemical bonds that make up the food are broken down by enzymes released by the mold.

Writing on paper, whether it be with a pen, pencil, crayon, or marker, is a physical change. The molecules from the writing instrument are physically stuck to the paper. But unless you're writing on paper by, say, burning letters onto it, there are no chemical changes occurring when the writing instrument meets the paper.

As with writing on paper, dyeing fabric can be a physical change. The dye consists of molecules that interact with light in a way that we perceive a certain color. When dyeing fabric, these molecules are transferred and fixed into the fabric by adsorption, absorption, and other intermolecular phenomena. But the molecules of the dye (and the molecules in the fabric) don't experience any breaking and forming of bonds. All of the substances involved retain their chemical identities.

<u>However</u>, it's <em>possible </em>that, depending on the dye, there may be chemical changes involved. Some dyes, appropriate named "reactive dyes," undergo chemical reactions with their substrate (which, in this case, would be the fabric), or dyes may be used that undergo chemical reactions with one another, both of which would constitute chemical changes. And it can depend on what you mean by "dyeing": Bleaching a colored shirt can technically be conceived of as "dyeing" the shirt white, and this process involves cleavage of bonds within the color-producing molecules in the fabric by reacting with the molecules in the bleach.

So, for dyeing fabric, it can be a physical or chemical change depending on the dye.  

4 0
3 years ago
Name:_____________________________________________________ Date:___________ Period:_________ 3/23 - 3/27 Assignment 1: Gas Law P
crimeas [40]

Answer:

The answers are;

1. 8.2 liters

2. 1214.84 ml

3. 318.027 K

4. 4.00 l.

Explanation:

1. Boyle's law states that the volume of  given mass of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure at constant temperature

that is

P₁·V₁ = P₂·V₂

Where:

P₁ = Initial pressure = 40.0 mm Hg

V₁ = Initial volume = 12.3 liters

P₂ = Final pressure = 60.0 mm Hg

V₂ = Final volume = Required

From P₁·V₁ = P₂·V₂, V₂ is given by

V_2=\frac{P_1\cdot V_1}{P_2} = \frac{40.0 mm Hg\cdot 12.3 l}{60.0 mm Hg} =  8.2 l

The volume reduces to V₂ = 8.2 liters

2. Here Charles law states that

\frac{T_1}{V_1} =\frac{T_2}{V_2}

T₁ = Initial temperature = 27.0 °C = 300.15 K

V₁ = Initial volume = 900.0 mL

T₂ = Final temperature = 132.0 °C = 405.15 K

V₂ = Final volume = Required

Therefore  V_2 =\frac{T_2\cdot V_1}{T_1} = \frac{405.15 K\times 900.0 mL}{300.15 K} = 1214.84 ml

V₂ = 1214.84 ml

3.  Gay-Lussac's Law states that

\frac{T_1}{P_1} =\frac{T_2}{P_2}

Where:

P₁ = Initial pressure = 15.0 atmospheres

T₁ = Initial temperature = 25.0 °C = 298.15 K

P₂ = Final pressure = 16.0 atmospheres

T₂ = Final temperature = Required

∴ T_2 = \frac{T_1\times P_2}{P_1}

=  \frac{298.15 K\times 16.0atm}{15.0atm} = 318.027 K

T₂ = 318.027 K

4. Avogadro's law states that,

Equal volume of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal number of molecules.

Therefore if 5.00 moles of gas occupies 2.00 l volume, then

1 moles will occupy 2.00/5 l volume and

10 moles will occupy 2.00/5 × 10 or 4.00 l volume.

6 0
3 years ago
How do you know which planet is farther away from the sun by years?
vladimir1956 [14]

I believe the answer is B

4 0
4 years ago
Which two types of cells are involved in fertilization?
astra-53 [7]

Which two types of cells are involved in fertilization?

\sf\purple{D.\: egg\: cell;\: sperm \:cell}✅

  • Gametes are an organism's reproductive cells. The female gametes are called ova or egg cells, and the male gametes are called sperm.
  • During fertilisation, the gametes (an egg and sperm) fuse to form a zygote.

\circ \: \: { \underline{ \boxed{ \sf{ \color{green}{Happy\:learning.}}}}}∘

4 0
3 years ago
What are metalloids?
goldenfox [79]

A metalloid is a type of chemical element which has a preponderance of properties in between, or that are a mixture of, those of metals and nonmetals.

3 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Other questions:
  • Carbon shares electrons indicating a _____ bond.
    5·2 answers
  • PLEASE HELP MEEEEE (using 98 points to post)
    5·2 answers
  • A 43.63 gram sample of a hydrate of caseo4 was heated thoroughly in a porcelain crucible, until its weight remained constant. af
    14·1 answer
  • Geometry and polarity of SnCl2
    6·1 answer
  • An 80 kg volleyball player lands from a jump and tries to stop her forward motion. The normal contact force exerted by the floor
    12·1 answer
  • Scientists must be curious, honest, creative open minded skeptical , ethical and aware of bias. list 3 ways thinking like a scie
    12·1 answer
  • Describe the properties of a solid.<br>​
    9·1 answer
  • Hey ;) butiful+hansome= me and you❤​
    14·2 answers
  • How many grams of CaO can be produced using 3.9 moles CaCO3?1<br> CaCO3 --&gt; 1CaO + 1CO *
    7·1 answer
  • If the half life of a radioactive isotope is 1 day, then how much of the original isotope remains at the end of two days?
    14·2 answers
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!