Answer:
The correct answer is option 4. Parasympathetic division.
Explanation:
The parasympathetic division is one of the three divisions of the ANS or autonomic nervous system. It also helps in the rest system or digest system as it saves energy by slowing the heart pace by slowing the rate of contraction. This is performed with the help of nerve fibers that send signals.
Parasympathetic nerve division increases the intestinal and activity gland. This nerve division helps in relaxing the sphincter muscle in the GI tract.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Answer:
Enzymes are catalysts for chemical reactions in living things. Enzymes, like other catalysts, lower the activation energy and increase the rate of chemical reac- tions. ... This means that enzymes do not change the direction of a reaction— they just change the amount of time needed for equilibrium to be reached.
Explanation:
The tree topology
The lengths of the branches
The branching order of the tree
Nucleotide substitution rate
These would not affect maximum likelihood estimates of phylogenies when comparing different tree hypotheses.
<h3>What is tree topology?</h3>
- A unique kind of structure called a tree topology has numerous connected parts arranged like the branches of a tree.
<h3>The lengths of the branches:</h3>
- Branch lengths are a sign of genetic divergence; the longer the branch, the more genetic divergence has taken place.
- Usually, we calculate the average number of nucleotide or protein substitutions per site to assess the degree of genetic alteration.
<h3>The branching order of the tree:</h3>
- The topology of a tree refers to its branching structure.
- Species (or higher taxa), populations, genes, and proteins are examples of taxonomic units that the nodes represent.
- A branch is referred to as an edge, and it represents an estimate of the length of time between the evolutionary relationships between taxonomic units.
<h3>What is nucleotide substitution rate?</h3>
- The instantaneous rate of change from each of the four nucleotides to each of the other four nucleotides is summarized in the nucleotide substitution rate matrix.
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Answer:
Population structure due to the geographic distances that separate both countries
Explanation:
Linkage disequilibrium (LD) can be defined as a non-random association between different alleles (<em>loci</em>) observed in a population. The <em>loci</em> are in LD due to the observed frequencies are statistically higher or lower than it is expected if these nucleotide sequences were independent. LD may be due to different factors which include non-random mating, recombination, genetic drift and population structure.
Answer:
Sexual reproduction in plant waste energy and pollen grains because the size of pollen grains is very small and in sexual reproduction there is less chances of reaching the pollen grains to the stigma of the flower. So that's why more pollen grains will fall on the stigma of the flower in order to fertilize the ovary. For fertilization, few pollen grains are enough if reach on the stigma.
