Question

As shown in the diagram, a section of pipe has one end open (labeled B) and one end closed (labeled A). For a standing wave to form in the pipe, where must an antinode occur?
at a point midway between A and B

at a point 2/3 the distance from A to B

at A, the closed end of the pipe

at B, the open end of the pipe

Answer 1

An antinode must occur  at B, the open end of the pipe

Explanation:

For the standing waves produced in a pipe, open and closed ends reflect waves in a different way, so their behaviour is different. In particular:

• A closed end acts as a node (because there is no vibration of the wave)
• An open end acts as an antinode (maximum vibration of the wave)

This means that for the pipe in this problem:

A (the closed end on the right) must act as a node of the standing wave

B (the open end on the left) must act as an antinode of the standing wave

Therefore the correct answer in this problem is that an antinode must occur

at B, the open end of the pipe

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