Radioactive dating uses the concept of half life to determine the age of something.
The general idea is that elements exist naturally as a combination of isotopes. Some isotopes are stable while others decay radioactively. The half-life of a radioactive isotope is the time required to reduce the initial quantity of the isotope by 50% through the process of radioactive decay.
Carbon 14 dating works this way. A tree growing in the past would have an equilibrium mixture of C-12 and C-14 atoms in proportions consistent with living matter today. We know this value.
When that tree dies, it no longer accumulates new carbon atoms from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (through photosynthesis). At this point, the proportion of C-14 in the organic matter that was the tree decreases due to the decay of C-14 to an isotope of nitrogen.
When we dig up the remnants of the tree today, we can measure the proportion of C-14 to C-12 and see how much it has been reduced. From this we can calculate backwards using the half life of C-14 (5730 years) to estimate how old the remains of the tree are.
Answer is alpha particles
1) boiling points increase as molecular weight increase and vice versa. This is due to the increase in van der waals forces between molecules.
2) branching decreases the melting and boiling i.e increase in branching decrease boiling point and melting point. This is due to the fact that there are less point of contact between neighbouring molecules, so molecules are farther apart from each other, which means weaker van der waals(London forces) less energy is required to overcome these force of attraction.
3) In homolytic fission each of the fragment retain one of the bonded electron and radicals are made if the molecule is neutral. In heterolytic fission one fragment gets both bonding electron.
The energy for the heterolytic fission is higher because energy is not only needed to break the covalent bond but also to overcome the force of attraction between oppositely charged ions formed.
Answer:
The table tennis balls represent neutrons that are released when the nucleus splits and cause other nuclei to split
Explanation:
Nuclear fission is defined as the separation of a nucleus into two smaller nuclei.
It takes a neutron to set off a nuclear fission reaction. When that occurs, neutrons are released and those neutrons in turn are what set off other nuclear fissions. This is defined as a Nuclear Fission Chain Reaction. In the model, the one tennis ball that will be thrown will be modeled as the starting neutron that sets of the initial (first) fission. The mouse traps with tennis balls represent the other nucleuses waiting to be struck by the one tennis ball. Once the initial tennis ball strikes the first mouse trap, that mouse trap will release its tennis ball hitting others and continuing the cycle.
It can also be modeled as such:
Random errors will shift each measurement from its true value by a random amount and in a random direction. These will affect reliability (since they're random) but may not affect the overall accuracy of a result.
