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FrozenT [24]
3 years ago
12

A 2.16 x 10-2-kg block is resting on a horizontal frictionless surface and is attached to a horizontal spring whose spring const

ant is 110 N/m. The block is shoved parallel to the spring axis and is given an initial speed of 11.2 m/s, while the spring is initially unstrained. What is the amplitude of the resulting simple harmonic motion?
Physics
1 answer:
pochemuha3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

0.15694 m

Explanation:

m = Mass of block = 2.16\times 10^{-2}\ kg

v = Velocity of block = 11.2 m/s

k = Spring constant = 110 N/m

Here the kinetic energy of the fall and spring are conserved

\frac{1}{2}mv^2=\frac{1}{2}kA^2\\\Rightarrow mv^2=kA^2\\\Rightarrow A=\sqrt{\frac{mv^2}{k}}\\\Rightarrow A=\sqrt{\frac{2.16\times 10^{-2}\times 11.2^2}{110}}\\\Rightarrow A=0.15694\ m

The amplitude of the resulting simple harmonic motion is 0.15694 m

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The question provided very little information about this motion. Therefore, replace these quantities with letters. These unknown quantities should not appear in the conclusion if this question is actually solvable.

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  • Let r represent the radius of the circular track.

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  • Step one: determine the centripetal force when the car is about to skid.
  • Step two: calculate the coefficient of static friction.

For simplicity, let a_{T} represent the tangential acceleration (1.90\; \rm m \cdot s^{-2}) of this car.

<h3>Centripetal Force when the car is about to skid</h3>

The question gave no information about the distance that the car has travelled before it skidded. However, information about the angular displacement is indeed available: the car travelled (without skidding) one-quarter of a circle, which corresponds to 90^\circ or \displaystyle \frac{\pi}{2} radians.

The angular acceleration of this car can be found as \displaystyle \alpha = \frac{a_{T}}{r}. (a_T is the tangential acceleration of the car, and r is the radius of this circular track.)

Consider the SUVAT equation that relates initial and final (tangential) velocity (u and v) to (tangential) acceleration a_{T} and displacement x:

v^2 - u^2 = 2\, a_{T}\cdot x.

The idea is to solve for the final angular velocity using the angular analogy of that equation:

\left(\omega(\text{final})\right)^2 - \left(\omega(\text{initial})\right)^2 = 2\, \alpha\, \theta.

In this equation, \theta represents angular displacement. For this motion in particular:

  • \omega(\text{initial}) = 0 since the car was initially not moving.
  • \theta = \displaystyle \frac{\pi}{2} since the car travelled one-quarter of the circle.

Solve this equation for \omega(\text{final}) in terms of a_T and r:

\begin{aligned}\omega(\text{final}) &= \sqrt{2\cdot \frac{a_T}{r} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}} = \sqrt{\frac{\pi\, a_T}{r}}\end{aligned}.

Let m represent the mass of this car. The centripetal force at this moment would be:

\begin{aligned}F_C &= m\, \omega^2\, r \\ &=m\cdot \left(\frac{\pi\, a_T}{r}\right)\cdot r = \pi\, m\, a_T\end{aligned}.

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Since the track is flat (not banked,) the only force on the car in the horizontal direction would be the static friction between the tires and the track. Also, the size of the normal force on the car should be equal to its weight, m\, g.

Note that even if the size of the normal force does not change, the size of the static friction between the surfaces can vary. However, when the car is just about to skid, the centripetal force at that very moment should be equal to the maximum static friction between these surfaces. It is the largest-possible static friction that depends on the coefficient of static friction.

Let \mu_s denote the coefficient of static friction. The size of the largest-possible static friction between the car and the track would be:

F(\text{static, max}) = \mu_s\, N = \mu_s\, m\, g.

The size of this force should be equal to that of the centripetal force when the car is about to skid:

\mu_s\, m\, g = \pi\, m\, a_{T}.

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\mu_s = \displaystyle \frac{\pi\, a_T}{g} \approx 0.608.

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