The presence of mass makes gravity. Doesn't matter whether it's a planet, a black hole, a puppy, or a speck of dust.
No, gravity acts equally on all objects. The crumpled paper falls faster because it resists the drag force due to the atmosphere because of its compact size. A flat piece of paper has an extended body and "catches" the air and falls more slowly. In a vacuum they would fall at the same rate either way.
Earth's distance from the sun doesn't change enough to cause seasonal differences. Instead, our seasons change because Earth tilts on its axis.
hope it helps.