If you follow the octet rule, you know that an element must have 8 outside (or valence) electrons to be energetically favorable.
In CCl4, the carbon molecule forms four bonds; one for each chlorine atom. Each bond contains 2 electrons, so it is satisfied.
In PCl3, Phosphorous forms only 3 bonds with chlorine, which means in order to have 8 valence electrons, it also has a lone pair of electrons, not bonded with chlorine.
Now, in CCl4, picture the shape of the molecule like a plus sign, with the carbon in the middle and the chlorine at the four ends. It is symmetrical, and therefore is nonpolar.
In PCl3, the lone pair electrons <em>push</em>, so to speak, the 3 chlorine atoms away, making a T-shaped molecule. Since the chlorine is more electronegative than carbon, the molecule is unbalenced, making it polar.
Answer:
9945.6 J
Explanation:
Amount of heat = Mass * Heat Capacity * Temperature Change
Heat capacity of Water = 4.2 J/gC
Amount of heat = 64 * 4.2 * (69 - 32)
Amount of heat = 64 * 4.2 * 37
Amount of heat = 9945.6 J
Oxidation:- it loses electrons
Reduction:- it gains electrons
Answer:
The answer to your question is Theoretical yield
Explanation:
Theoretical yield is the quantity of a product obtain considering that all the reactants will be converted into products. The theoretical yield considers that the reaction is 100% effective, but this is not true most of the chemical reactions have a yield of 80 % or lower.
Answer:
Below.
Explanation:
This is the combustion of the hydrocarbon propane.
C3H8 + 5O2 --> 3CO2 + 4H2O
