It's the angle made by the incident ray when it's perpendicular to the surface. (Perpendicular lines are the lines that form a graph or like a 90-degree angle)
The water molecules would slow down, and as they slow down, the heat created from their movement would cease.
The sun's energy influences climate in various ways. For example the latitudes at the equator receive more energy from the sun and therefore have warmer temperatures, On the other hand the sun's energy influences precipitation in a climate by driving the water cycle which determines precipitation.The sun is what makes the water cycle take place. That is the sun provides energy or heat to the earth; the heat causes liquid and frozen water to evaporate into water vapor gas, which rises high in the sky to form clouds ( precipitation), that in turn give us rain
Answer:
a)
b) 
Explanation:
The net force on the car must produce the centripetal acceleration necessary to make this circle, which is 
. At the top of the circle, the normal force and the weight point downwards (like the centripetal force should), while at the bottom the normal force points upwards (like the centripetal force should) and the weight downwards, so we have (taking the upwards direction as positive):
Which means:
The limit for falling off would be 
, so the minimum speed would be:
About 80% of the earth's volume is made of mantle.
<span>The </span>mantle<span> is a layer inside a </span>terrestrial planet<span> and some other </span>rocky planetary bodies<span>. For a mantle to form, the planetary body must be large enough to have undergone the process of </span>planetary differentiation<span> by </span>density<span>. The mantle lies between the </span>core<span> below and the </span>crust<span> above. The terrestrial planets (</span>Earth<span>, </span>Venus<span>, </span>Mars<span> and </span>Mercury<span>), the </span>Moon<span>, two of </span>Jupiter<span>'s </span>moons<span> (</span>Io<span> and </span>Europa<span>) and the </span>asteroid Vesta<span> each have a mantle made of </span>silicate<span> rock.</span><span>Interpretation of spacecraft data suggests that at least two other moons of Jupiter (</span>Ganymede<span> and </span>Callisto<span>), as well as </span>Titan<span> and </span>Triton<span> each have a mantle made of </span>ice<span> or other </span>solid volatile<span> substances </span>up of Mantle
Hope this helped.
