By studying meteorites which are the most ancient material in space.
Answer:
The Electric flux will be 
Explanation:
Given
Strength of the Electric Field at a distance of 0.158 m from the point charge is

We know that the flux of the Electric Field can be calculated by using Gauss Law which is given by

Let consider a sphere of radius 0.158 m as Gaussian Surface at a distance of 0.158 m from the point charge and Let
be the flux of the Electric Field coming out\passing through it which is given by

It can be observed that same amount of flux which is passing through the Gaussian sphere of radius 0.158 is also passing through the Gaussian sphere of radius 0.142 m at a distance of 0.142 m from its centre.
Also it can be observed that the charge inside the two Gaussian Sphere mentioned have same value so the Flux of electric field through them will also be same.
So the electric flux through the surface of sphere that has given charge at its centre and that has radius 0.142 m is 
If the sun would become cooler having constant size, it would emit less ultraviolet light and less visible light than what it currently gives to earth. Hope this answers the question. Have a nice day. Thank you for posting here.
<span>Old age and hundreds of thousands to millions of member stars.</span>
Answer:
The magnetic field required required for the beam not to be deflected is
Explanation:
From the question we are told that
The charge on the particle is 
The mass of the particle is 
The potential difference is 
The potential difference between the two parallel plate is 
The separation between the plate is 
The Kinetic energy experienced by the beam before entering the region of the parallel plate is equivalent to the potential energy of the beam after the region having a potential difference of 1.8kV

Generelly

And 
Equating this two formulas

making v the subject

Substituting value


Generally the electric field between the plates is mathematically represented as
Substituting value

the magnetic field is mathematically evaluate
