The reason that some of the elements of period three and beyond are steady in spite of not sticking to the octet rule is due to the fact of possessing the tendency of forming large size, and a tendency of making more than four bonds. For example, sulfur, it belongs to period 3 and is big enough to hold six fluorine atoms as can be seen in the molecule SF₆, while the second period of an element like nitrogen may not be big to comprise 6 fluorine atoms.
The existence of unoccupied d orbitals are accessible for bonding for period 3 elements and beyond, the size plays a prime function than the tendency to produce more bonds. Hence, the suggestion of the second friend is correct.
The highest value of the ion is the nucleon number. The correct option is a.
<h3>What is nucleon number?</h3>
The mass number of an element is so named because it represents the total number of protons and neutrons in the element.
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus is known as the mass number, also known as the atomic mass number or nucleon number. It is roughly equivalent to the atomic mass expressed in atomic mass units.
In the given ion Q+, the nucleon number has the highest value in the ion
Thus, the correct option is a.
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