A. the medium
For refraction to occur, there has to be change from one medium to another. For example rays of light would refract as the travel from air to water.
Answer: ∆L = 0.49cm ≈ 0.50cm
Therefore there should be 0.5 cm gap between each piece of steel.
Explanation:
Thermal expansion of steel is the increase in size of steel as a result of increased temperature. It can be represented by the mathematical expression:
∆L = L(k)∆T .....1
Where;
∆L is the change in length
L is the initial length
∆T is the change in temperature
k is the specific Linear expansion coefficient.
Given;
L = 12m
∆T = 50°C - 16°C = 34°C
k (for steel) = 1.2 × 10^-6 /C
Substituting the values into the equation 1
∆L = 12 × 34 × 12×10^-6
∆L = 4896 × 10^-6 m
∆L = 0.49cm ≈ 0.50cm
Therefore there should be 0.5 cm gap between each piece of steel.
Answer
The refracted wave must obey Snell's equation
Ni sin θi = Nr sin θr
If Nr differs from Ni then sin θr will differ from sin θi
If the wave originates from point A and ends at point B then Snell's Law shows that the time for light to get from point A to point B is a minimum.
I will not help you but i would surely take these points for answering this question but i lied.