If an atom has 13 protons and is currently electrically neutral, what must happen to give the same atom a positive charge of +2e
1 answer:
The atom must lose 2 electrons
Explanation:
An atom consists of three types of particles:
- Protons, in the nucleus, with positive electric charge
- Neutrons, in the nucleus, with no electric charge
- Electrons, orbiting around the nucleus, with negative electric charge
As a result, the net electric charge of an atom is given by the number of protons minus the number of electrons:
Q = #p - #e
For a neutral atom, the number of protons and electrons is the same, so the net charge is zero.
In order for an atom to have a positive charge of +2, it means that there must be 2 protons more than the number of electrons. Since atoms exchange electrons (and not protons), this means that the atom must have "lost" 2 electrons.
In this problem, we have an atom with 13 protons: this means that initially it also has 13 electrons. However, later the atom lost 2 electrons, and as a result, the final charge is +2e.
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2) Maximum torque: 245 Nm
Explanation:
1)
The weight of a body is equal to the gravitational force exerted on the body; it is given by the equation
where
m is the mass of the body
g is the acceleration due to gravity
For the person in this problem,
m = 50 kg is the mass
is the acceleration due to gravity on Earth's surface
Therefore, the weight of the person is
2)
The turning force (also called torque) exerted by a force rotating an object is given by
where
F is the magnitude of the force
d is the length of the arm (the distance between the force and the pivotal point)
is the angle between the direction of the force and the arm
For the spanner in this problem,
F = 490 N is the force applied (the weight of the person)
d = 0.5 m is the arm (the length of the spanner)
The maximum torque is obtained when , therefore it is:
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