<span>The intensity of an earthquake is dependent on one's proximity to the focus of the quake, also called the "epicenter" and is based on observations of the shaking of the ground on humans, structures, and the natural landscape.</span>
The final temperature of the tea cup is 100°C.
<h3>What is internal energy?</h3>
The Internal energy is the energy of a substance due to to the constant random motion of its particles.
The symbol for internal energy of a substance is U and it is measured in Joules.
ΔU = q + W
- W is the mechanical work.
In conclusion, the final temperature of the tea cup at room temperature of 24 °C which is heated until it has twice the internal energy is 100°C.
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The propagation errors we can find the uncertainty of a given magnitude is the sum of the uncertainties of each magnitude.
Δm = ∑
Physical quantities are precise values of a variable, but all measurements have an uncertainty, in the case of direct measurements the uncertainty is equal to the precision of the given instrument.
When you have derived variables, that is, when measurements are made with different instruments, each with a different uncertainty, the way to find the uncertainty or error is used the propagation errors to use the variation of each parameter, keeping the others constant and taking the worst of the cases, all the errors add up.
If m is the calculated quantity, x_i the measured values and Δx_i the uncertainty of each value, the total uncertainty is
Δm = ∑
| dm / dx_i | Dx_i
for instance:
If the magnitude is a average of two magnitudes measured each with a different error
m =
Δm = |
| Δx₁ + |
| Δx₂
= ½
= ½
Δm =
Δx₁ + ½ Δx₂
Δm = Δx₁ + Δx₂
In conclusion, using the propagation errors we can find the uncertainty of a given quantity is the sum of the uncertainties of each measured quantity.
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