Question

Energy increases heat and causes a phase change from solid to liquid or liquid to solid

Answer 1

So, how could there be a change in heat during a state change without a change in temperature? During a change in state the heat energy is used to change the bonding between the molecules. In the case of melting, added energy is used to break the bonds between the molecules. In the case of freezing, energy is subtracted as the molecules bond to one another. These energy exchanges are not changes in kinetic energy. They are changes in bonding energy between the molecules.If heat is coming into a substance during a phase change, then this energy is used to break the bonds between the molecules of the substance. The example we will use here is ice melting into water. Immediately after the molecular bonds in the ice are broken the molecules are moving (vibrating) at the same average speed as before, so their average kinetic energy remains the same, and, thus, their Kelvin temperature remains the same.

 

Below is a picture of solid ice melting into liquid water. The molecule of ice and the molecule of water (the black balls) are moving with the same rate of vibration in this diagram. This is meant to show that they have the same average speed and thus the same average kinetic energy (since they have the same mass) and thus the same Kelvin temperature. The motions are, though, greatly exaggerated. Actually, the motions of the molecules should be considered tiny vibrations.