I think you get half of the magnetic field and that means half the power of the magnetic field.
Answer:
The maximum velocity that can be used while still maintaining laminar flow is

Explanation:
The explanation is shown on the first and second uploaded image
Answer:
The Sun's energy gets to the Earth through radiation, which you can prove just by standing outside and letting the sun's rays warm your face on a sunny day. Every object around you is continually radiating unless its temperature is at absolute zero, at which point its molecules completely stop moving.
Hope that helps :)
Is (a). .. the hope it helps