Question

The octet rule states that, in chemical compounds, atoms tend to have

Answer 1

The octet rule states that, in chemical compounds, atoms tend to have $\boxed{{\text{D) eight electrons in their principal energy level}}}$

Further explanation:

The bond that is formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the bonded atoms is called a covalent bond. It is also known as a molecular bond. Covalent compounds are those compounds which are formed by the electron sharing between two or more non-metals.

The octet rule is the rule in accordance to which the elements have the tendency to bond with other elements and acquire eight electrons in their valence shells. This results in achieving a stable noble gas configuration.

For example, the formation of   occurs according to the octet rule. The electronic configuration of sodium is ${\mathbf{1}}{{\mathbf{s}}^{\mathbf{2}}}{\mathbf{2}}{{\mathbf{s}}^{\mathbf{2}}}{\mathbf{2}}{{\mathbf{p}}^{\mathbf{6}}}{\mathbf{3}}{{\mathbf{s}}^{\mathbf{1}}}$ while that of chlorine is ${\mathbf{1}}{{\mathbf{s}}^{\mathbf{2}}}{\mathbf{2}}{{\mathbf{s}}^{\mathbf{2}}}{\mathbf{2}}{{\mathbf{p}}^{\mathbf{6}}}{\mathbf{3}}{{\mathbf{s}}^{\mathbf{2}}}{\mathbf{3}}{{\mathbf{p}}^{\mathbf{5}}}$.

Chlorine is one electron short of the stable noble gas configuration and sodium can achieve stable configuration by losing an electron. So sodium loses an electron and forms cation and chlorine gains that electron to complete its octet.

Almost all elements follow the octet rule. Hydrogen is an exception to octet rule. Its atomic number is 1 and it has only one single shell. The maximum capacity of a shell is of two electrons but octet rule states that atoms should gain eight electrons to attain stability. But this is not possible in case of hydrogen. Here, duplet rule is followed instead of octet rule.

A) The general electronic configuration of halogen is $n{s^2}n{p^5}$. It has a total of seven valence electrons in its valence shell. It still needs an electron to satisfy the octet rule. So this statement A) is incorrect.

B) If there are more protons as compared to that of electrons, it will result in the formation of ions. There is no information with respect to the number of electrons present in the valence shell of the atoms. So this statement B) is incorrect.

C) If there are more electrons as compared to that of protons, it will result in the formation of ions. There is no information with respect to the number of electrons present in the valence shell of the atoms. So this statement C) is incorrect.

D) As we know, octet rule states that atoms have the tendency to acquire eight electrons in their valence shells. Almost all atoms follow octet rule to gain stability, except for some exceptions. So this statement D) is correct.

E) Octet rule does not specifically mention about f sublevels. But it states that atoms should have the tendency to gain eight electrons in their valence shells. So this statement E) is incorrect.

Learn more:

1. Which molecule cannot be adequately described by a single Lewis structure/ brainly.com/question/6786947

2. Whether carbon dioxide and water have the same geometry or not? brainly.com/question/2176581

Answer details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Chemical bonding and molecular structure

Keywords: octet rule, atoms, chemical compounds, halogens, protons, electrons, filled f sublevels, eight electrons, ns2np5, more electrons, more protons, ions, information.

Answer 2

The Octet rule states that, in chemical compounds, atoms tend to have eight electrons in their principal energy level. The correct answer is D.