Answer:
Fuel experiment
Explanation:
since it involves direct observation of the animals
This uses the concept of freezing point depression. When faced with this issue, we use the following equation:
ΔT = i·Kf·m
which translates in english to:
Change in freezing point = vant hoff factor * molal freezing point depression constant * molality of solution
Because the freezing point depression is a colligative property, it does not depend on the identity of the molecules, just the number of them.
Now, we know that molality will be constant, and Kf will be constant, so our only unknown is "i", or the van't hoff factor.
The van't hoff factor is the number of atoms that dissociate from each individual molecule. The higher the van't hoff factor, the more depressed the freezing point will be.
NaCl will dissociate into Na+ and Cl-, so it has i = 2
CaCl2 will dissociate into Ca2+ and 2 Cl-, so it has i = 3
AlBr3 will dissociate into Al3+ and 3 Br-, so it has i = 4
Therefore, AlBr3 will lower the freezing point of water the most.
Answer:
First, the microwaves transmit kinetic energy to the water molecules of the food, heating the water molecules. Only, those that are not very deep into the food.
Second, the hot water molecules transmit heat by conduction to the other parts of the food.
Explanation:
1) Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation. The same as any wave, they carry energy.
2) The wave length of microwaves are in the range of 0.001 mm to 1 m (shorter than radio waves and longer than infrared)
3) The microwaves of an oven, used to heat food, have a wave length aroun 12 cm.
4) The microwaves transmit energy to the water molecules in the food, by increasing the kinetic energy of water molecules. As result, the water molecules get hotter. Microwaves only penetrate about 1 cm inside the food (a potato for example) and from that the heat is transferred by conduction to the inner parts of the food.
Answer:
a) 1 x 10^-11 mol/L
b) 1 x 10^-6 mol/L
c) 1 x 10^-5 fewer H+ ions
Explanation
pH stands for Power of Hydrogen, the more acidic a substance is, the more H+ ions it has rendering the substance acidic. a pH of 1 means the concentration of H+ ions is 1 x 10^-1. A pH of 7 means the concentration of H+ ions is 1 x 10^-7 and so on.
10^-11 has 10^-5 more H+ ions than 10^-6
Hope this helps :)
