Zayvon has conducted a study in which he found that college students with more friends tend to have higher GPAs. He concluded th
at as a person makes more friends, she has more social support and that helps her do better academically. However, when he collected longitudinal data in a follow-up study and was able to take into account time order, Zayvon found that, actually, as a person increases her GPA, she gains status on campus and attracts more friends. This is a case of
In trying to explain reverse causality, let us use the example of A and B. We know that A and B are associated, but we think that A is causing a change in B, when in fact B is the one causing a change in A. This is called reverse causality. In the question, Zayvon thinks that as people make more friends, their GPAs increase, when in real sense it is that as people GPA increases, she gains status and attracts more friends.
Professor Rashad is using a longitudinal research design.
This research design involves periodically collecting data from the same participants of a study over a long period of time. Longitudinal studies are useful when investigating certain phenomena (such as cognitive development) and comparing their developments during different stages or time periods in a participant's lifespan .
b) rushing to judgment about the nature of a problem.
Explanation:
As problem-solving is the most essential and fundamental process of coming to a solution the rushing to get the solution is not a good practice as there are various steps involved and assumption of the nature of the problems is thus the most frequent error of problem-solving that researchers make.
Democracy - "a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives." Republic - "a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch."
