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Nuetrik [128]
3 years ago
9

Lead can be prepared from galena [lead(II) sulfide] by first roasting the galena in oxygen gas to form lead(II) oxide and sulfur

dioxide. Heating the metal oxide with more galena forms the molten metal and more sulfur dioxide.
(a) Write a balanced equation for each step, including the state of each chemical.

(1)

(2)

(b) Write an overall balanced equation for the process, including the state of each chemical.
Chemistry
2 answers:
Vesna [10]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

a) Step 1:

2PbS(g)+3O_2(g)\overset{roasting}\rightarrow 2PbO(s)+2SO_2(g)

Step 2:

2PbO(s)+PbS(s)\overset{\Delta }\rightarrow 3Pb(l)+SO_2(g)

b) The overall balanced reaction for given process is ;

3PbS(s)+3O_2(g)\rightarrow 3Pb(l)+3SO_2(g)

Explanation:

a)

Galena = PbS

Lead(II) oxide = PbO

Sulfur dioxide = SO_2

Step 1:

Roasting the galena in oxygen gas to form lead(II) oxide and sulfur dioxide.

Balanced equation of step 1:

2PbS(g)+3O_2(g)\overset{roasting}\rightarrow 2PbO(s)+2SO_2(g)..[1]

Step 2:

Heating the metal oxide with more galena forms the molten metal and more sulfur dioxide.

Balanced equation of step 2:

2PbO(s)+PbS(s)\overset{\Delta }\rightarrow 3Pb(l)+SO_2(g)..[2]

b)

For over all reaction add [1] and [2]. The overall balanced reaction for given process is ;

3PbS(s)+3O_2(g)\rightarrow 3Pb(l)+3SO_2(g)

lubasha [3.4K]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

b

Explanation:

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Rank the following elements by effective nuclear charge, Zeff, for a valence electron. F LI Be B N
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Answer:

Rank in increasing order of effective nuclear charge:

  • Li < Be < B < N < F

Explanation:

This explains the meaning of effective nuclear charge, Zeff, how to determine it, and the calculations for a valence electron of each of the five given elements: F, Li, Be, B, and N.

<u>1) Effective nuclear charge definitions</u>

  • While the total positive charge of the atom nucleus (Z) is equal to the number of protons, the electrons farther away from the nucleus experience an effective nuclear charge (Zeff) less than the total nuclear charge, due to the fact that electrons in between the nucleus and the outer electrons partially cancel the atraction from the nucleus.

  • Such effect on on a valence electron is estimated as the atomic number less the number of electrons closer to the nucleus than the electron whose effective nuclear charge is being determined: Zeff = Z - S.

<u><em>2) Z eff for a F valence electron:</em></u>

  • F's atomic number: Z = 9
  • Total number of electrons: 9 (same numer of protons)
  • Period: 17 (search in the periodic table or do the electron configuration)
  • Number of valence electrons:  7 (equal to the last digit of the period's number)
  • Number of electrons closer to the nucleus than a valence electron: S = 9 - 7 = 2
  • Zeff = Z - S = 9 - 2 = 7

<u><em>3) Z eff for a Li valence eletron:</em></u>

  • Li's atomic number: Z = 3
  • Total number of electrons: 3 (same number of protons)
  • Period: 1 (search on the periodic table or do the electron configuration)
  • Number of valence electrons: 1 (equal to the last digit of the period's number)
  • Number of electrons closer to the nucleus than a valence electron: S = 3 - 1 = 2
  • Z eff = Z - S = 3 - 2 = 1.

<em>4) Z eff for a Be valence eletron:</em>

  • Be's atomic number: Z = 4
  • Total number of electrons: 4 (same number of protons)
  • Period: 2 (search on the periodic table or do the electron configuration)
  • Number of valence electrons: 2 (equal to the last digit of the period's number)
  • Number of electrons closer to the nucleus than a valence electron: S = 4 - 2 = 2
  • Z eff = Z - S = 4 - 2 = 2

<u><em>5) Z eff for a B valence eletron:</em></u>

  • B's atomic number: Z = 5
  • Total number of electrons: 5 (same number of protons)
  • Period: 13 (search on the periodic table or do the electron configuration)
  • Number of valence electrons: 3 (equal to the last digit of the period's number)
  • Number of electrons closer to the nucleus than a valence electron: S = 5 - 3 = 2
  • Z eff = Z - S = 5 - 2 = 3

<u><em>6) Z eff for a N valence eletron:</em></u>

  • N's atomic number: Z = 7
  • Total number of electrons: 7 (same number of protons)
  • Period: 15 (search on the periodic table or do the electron configuration)
  • Number of valence electrons: 5 (equal to the last digit of the period's number)
  • Number of electrons closer to the nucleus than a valence electron: S = 7 - 5 = 2
  • Z eff = Z - S = 7 - 2 = 5

<u><em>7) Summary (order):</em></u>

  Atom          Zeff for a valence electron

  • F                   7
  • Li                   1
  • Be                 2
  • B                   3
  • N                   5

  • <u>Conclusion</u>: the order is Li < Be < B < N < F
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