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Your heart rate is increased during physical activity to increase cardiac output and deliver the blood flow needed to the muscles to carry out those activities. Your heart itself is a muscle, and also gets a workout during exercise. The job of the heart is to get more blood to the body's muscles when they work hard. Hope this helped.
Substance abuse such as drugs, alcohol and tobacco, family problems such as domestic violence and abuse, social problems such as peer pressure, bullying, and exclusion, and so many other environmental reasons, but substance abuse, family dysfunction and social problems are the common reasons why.
A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. it is the structure that produces urine which is the process of removing waste and excess substances from the blood. there are about 1,000,000 nephrons in each human kidney.