Classification systems are mental models that we create to make sorting things simpler and more efficient. We make compromises to emphasize certain details and hide others based on their perceived relevance to achieving the outcomes we seek. Even if the original model was nearly perfect, you should expect the inputs provided and outcomes desired to change as time goes by.
In time, we usually find that we have over-simplified by ignoring important details. Mental models such as classification systems should evolve over time. This enables them to more accurately reflect reality and lead to the outcomes we seek.
You can only find the details you seek by observing the right layer of abstraction.
For your first question, that equation only works if your situation is occurring at a constant temperature. Your original question is such a situation - everything occurs at 298.15 K. Therefore, you can use this value in the equation to calculate work.
For your second question, Charles' Law describes how the volume of gas changes as you heat or cool it, PROVIDED PRESSURE AND MOLES OF GAS REMAIN CONSTANT THE WHOLE TIME. In your original question above, temperature stays constant while volume changes. However, what they don't tell you is that this necessarily requires a change in either pressure or moles of gas. Because the question works with the same sample the of gas the whole time (i.e. moles are constant), it is pressure that is changing (and this change will occur according to Boyle's Law, since temperature and moles are held constant).
Hope that clarifies things!
Low-cost energy. Although building nuclear power plants has a high initial cost, it's relatively cheap to produce energy from them and they have low operating costs.
Reliable.
Zero carbon emissions.
Promising future energy supply.
High energy density.
Answer:
125g × 1 mol/16 grams = 7.81 × avogadros #
