Answer: 8.3 J
Explanation:
We have the following measurement:

Rearranging the units:

Since 1 Newton is
:

Since 1 Joule is
:
This is the simplest form possible
Answer:
chlorine is a non metal.
sodium is a alkali metal.
helium is a noble gas.
nickel is a transition metal
Fluorine is a nonmetal and as such it would need to take in or obtain an electron from a metal to have a stable octet, or full number of 8 electrons in its valence shell. Thus due to the indifference of electrons and protons it becomes an anion, a negatively charged ion.
All organisms need four types of organic molecules: nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids; life cannot exist if any of these molecules are missing.