The organic product formed when 1−hexyne is treated with H₂O, H₂SO₄, and HgSO₄ will be 2-hexanone (structure attached).
This reaction is an example of an oxymercuration reaction of the organic product 1−hexyne.
Oxymercuration is shown in three steps to the right. The nucleophilic double bond attacks the mercury ion, releasing an acetoxy group. The mercury ion's electron pair attacks carbon on the double bond, generating a positive-charged mercuronium ion. Mercury's dxz and 6s orbitals give electrons to the double bond's lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals.
In the second stage, the nucleophilic H₂O attacks the highly modified carbon, freeing its mercury-bonding electrons. Electrons neutralize mercury ions by collapsing. Water molecules have positive-charged oxygen.
In the third stage, the negatively charged acetoxy ion released in the first step attacks the hydrogen of the water group, generating the waste product HOAc. The two electrons in the oxygen-hydrogen link collapse into oxygen, neutralizing its charge and forming alcohol.
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Special Structures in Plant Cells. Most organelles are common to both animal and plant cells. However, plant cells also have features that animal cells do not have: a cell wall, a large central vacuole, and plastids such as chloroplasts.
Covalent bonds can be classified as nonpolar and polar covalent given the electronegativity difference between two atoms (ΔEN).
Nonpolar covalent bond electrons are shared equally between two atoms, polar covalent bond electrons are shared unequally, atoms have partial charges, ionic bond electrons are completely transferred to one atom, full charges present. Therefore, the greater the electronegativity difference, the greater the bond polarity. Let's determine the types of bonds present in the compounds and arrange the ones with polar covalent in order of increasing ΔEN. Sulfur and oxygen are both nonmetals so the substance is covalent. Sulfur has EN = 2.5 and oxygen has EN = 3.5. Since there is an electronegativity difference, the S−O bonds in the substance can be classified as polar covalent bonds.
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