(a) One form of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation is
ln(P₂/P₁) = (ΔHv/R) * (1/T₁ - 1/T₂); where in this case:
Solving for ΔHv:
- ΔHv = R * ln(P₂/P₁) / (1/T₁ - 1/T₂)
- ΔHv = 8.31 J/molK * ln(5.3/1.3) / (1/358.96 - 1/392.46)
(b) <em>Normal boiling point means</em> that P = 1 atm = 101.325 kPa. We use the same formula, using the same values for P₁ and T₁, and replacing P₂ with atmosferic pressure, <u>solving for T₂</u>:
- ln(P₂/P₁) = (ΔHv/R) * (1/T₁ - 1/T₂)
- 1/T₂ = 1/T₁ - [ ln(P₂/P₁) / (ΔHv/R) ]
- 1/T₂ = 1/358.96 K - [ ln(101.325/1.3) / (49111.12/8.31) ]
(c)<em> The enthalpy of vaporization</em> was calculated in part (a), and it does not vary depending on temperature, meaning <u>that at the boiling point the enthalpy of vaporization ΔHv is still 49111.12 J/molK</u>.
Explanation:
<u>Photovoltaic means electricity from light</u>
photo = <em>light </em> voltaic = <em>electricity</em><em> </em>
<u>SUNLIGHT</u> is the answer
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Answer:
Its high polarity
Explanation:
Solvent is the that part of solution which is present in large proportion and have ability to dissolve the solute. In simplest form it is something in which other substance get dissolve. The most widely used solvent is water, other examples are toluene, acetone, ethanol, chloroform etc.
Water is called universal solvent because of high polarity all polar substance are dissolve in it. Hydrogen is less electronegative while oxygen is more electronegative and because of difference in electronegativity hydrogen carry the partial positive charge while oxygen carry partial negative charge.
Water create electrostatic interaction with other polar molecules. The negative end of water attract the positive end of polar molecules and positive end of water attract negative end of polar substance and in this way polar substance get dissolve in it.
Example:
when we stir the sodium chloride into water the cation Na⁺ ions are surrounded by the negative end of water i.e oxygen and anion Cl⁻ is surrounded by the positive end of water i.e hydrogen and in this way all salt is get dissolved.
Answer the correct answer out of the four is option c spectroscopy
Explanation- The interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter studied. This study is commonly known as spectroscopy. It can also be named as study of absorption spectra or emission spectra.
The former spectrum is formed when energy is absorbed from Photons or light energy by electrons while the latter spectrum is formed due to a wavelength of light that is released when electrons jump from higher to lower level.
