At what temperature does ice start to melt

Which main intermolecular force must be overcome to sublime solid NH3?

lys-0071 [83]

Sublimation is the phase transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gaseous phase without passing through the liquid phase.

Here are the three forces that exist between two NH3 molecules:

1- Dispersion forces - these forces exist between ANY two molecules, regardless of anything else.

2- Dipole-dipole interactions - NH3 is a polar molecule with a permanent separation of charge. Each molecule behaves like a tiny magnet and has + and - poles so 2 NH3 molecules attract each other. Dipole-dipole interactions are stronger than dispersion forces in small molecules.

3- Hydrogen bonding - H is directly bonded to the extremely electro negative atoms N, O, or F, hence hydrogen atom is nearly stripped off electrons due to the large electro - negativity difference. Hydrogen being a small atom further reduces in size even allowing it to approach other molecules very closely. Here N,O,F gathers more partial negative charge.

Due to the close approach between the molecules and the strong partial charges, hydrogen bonding is generally more important than dipole-dipole interactions.

So the main intermolecular force must be hydrogen bonding.

6 0

3 years ago

Most of the sulfur used in the United States is chemically synthesized from hydrogen sulfide gas recovered from natural gas well

Harlamova29_29 [7]

Answer: Rate of production of Sulfur dioxide is 0.15kg/s to 2 significant digits

Note: The question is incomplete. The complete question is as follows:

Most of the used in the United States is chemically synthesized from hydrogen sulfide gas recovered from natural gas wells. In the first step of this synthesis, called the Claus process, hydrogen sulfide gas is reacted with dioxygen gas to produce gaseous sulfur dioxide and water Suppose a chemical engineer studying a new catalyst for the Claus reaction finds that 198. liters per second of dioxygen are consumed when the reaction is run at 186. °C and 0.69 atm. Calculate the rate at which sulfur dioxide is being produced. Give your answer in kilograms per second. Round your answer to 2 significant digits.

Explanation:

The balanced equation of the reaction between hydrogen sulfide gas and dioxygen gas to produce sulfur dioxide and water is as follows:

2H₂S(g) + 3O₂(g) ---> 2SO₂(g) + 2H₂O(g)

From the equation above, 3 moles of dioxide yields 2 moles of sulfur dioxide.

Using the ideal gas equation to determine the number of moles of dioxygen present in 198 litres of the gas at 186. °C and 0.69 atm;

PV = nRT,

where P = 0.69atm, V = 198Litres, R (molar gas constant) = 0.082atmLK⁻¹mol⁻¹, T = 186. °C = 459K

n = PV/RT

n = 0.69*198*/(0.082*459)

n = 3.63moles of dioxygen

Therefore, 3.63 moles of dioxygen are consumed per second

Using the mole ratio from the equation of reaction,

number of moles of sulfur dioxide produced will be 3.63moles * 2/3 = 2.42moles

Therefore, the number of moles of sulfur dioxide consumed is 2.42 moles per second.

Converting to kilograms per second,

1 mole of sulfur dioxide weighs 64g (molar mass of sulfur dioxide)

2.42 moles weighs 2.42*64g =154.88g or 0.15488Kg which is approximately 0.15Kg

Therefore, rate of production of Sulfur dioxide is 0.15kg/s to 2 significant digits

8 0

3 years ago

Determine molar mass of Mn (ClO3)3

goldenfox [79]

M(Mn(ClO3)3)=(54.938)+(35.45x3)+(15.999x9)
M(Mn(ClO3)3)=305.279 g/mol

8 0

3 years ago

Consider the reaction 2 CO + O2 → 2 CO2 .What is the percent yield of carbon dioxide

Wewaii [24]

Answer:

$Y=50.9\%$

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, given the reaction, we can directly compute the theoretically yielded grams of carbon dioxide, considering the 2:2 molar ratio between carbon monoxide (molar mass = 28 g/mol) and carbon dioxide (molar mass = 44 g/mol) and the initial reacting grams of carbon monoxide in excess oxygen:

$m_{CO_2}^{theoretical}=10gCO*\frac{1molCO}{28gCO}*\frac{2molCO_2}{2molCO}*\frac{44gCO_2}{1molCO_2} =15.7gCO_2$