Answer:
See figure 1
Explanation:
If we want to find the acid and the Brønsted-Lowry base, we must remember the definition for each of these molecules:
-) Acid: hydrogen donor
-) Base: hydrogen acceptor
In the <u>caffeine structure,</u> we have several atoms of nitrogen. These nitrogen atoms have the ability to <u>accept</u> hydronium ions (
). Therefore the caffeine molecule will be the base since it can accept
If caffeine is the base, the water must be the acid. So, the water in this reaction donated a hydronium ion.
<u>Thus, caffeine is the base and water the acid. (See figure 1)</u>
According to markovnikov's rule of the electrophilic addition to an alkene, the electrophile, usually a proton, is more likely to add to the less-substituted carbon in a double bond.
With additional substituents present in this configuration, the intermediate carbocation is stabilised by being located on the more-substituted carbon.
The nucleophile will then end up in a double bond on the more-substituted carbon in a reaction that follows Markovnikov's rule.The outcome of some addition reactions is described by Markovnikov's rule or Markownikoff's rule in organic chemistry. Vladimir Markovnikov, a Russian scientist, created the rule in 1870.
To learn more about Markovnikov's rule
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