Draw the curved arrow mechanism for the addition of HCN in water with NaOH to 3,4-dimethylcyclopentan-1-one to give the correspo
1 answer:
Answer:
See picture and explanation below
Explanation:
In the attached picture you have the answer for this.
In the first step, we have an acid base reaction between HCN and NaOH. When this happens, its formed the following:
HCN + NaOH --------> CN⁻ + H₂O + Na⁺
As a second step, The CN⁻ attacks the carbonile group in the cyclopentane. This causes to open the double bond, and then, the Cyano enters the molecule.
The final step is another acid base reaction, where the oxygen substracts a hydrogen atom of the water in the medium, and then, the alcohol group is formed. With this step, the cyanohydrin is finally formed. See the mechanism below in the picture.
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Answer:
a) The concentration in ppm (mg/L) is 5.3 downstream the release point.
b) Per day pass 137.6 pounds of pollutant.
Explanation:
The first step is to convert Million Gallons per Day (MGD) to Liters per day (L/d). In that sense, it is possible to calculate with data given previously in the problem.
Million Gallons per day
We have one flow of wastewater released into a stream.
First flow is F1 =5 MGD with a concentration of C1 =10.0 mg/L.
Second flow is F2 =10 MGD with a concentration of C2 =3.0 mg/L.
After both of them are mixed, the final concentration will be between 3.0 and 10.0 mg/L. To calculate the final concentration, we can calculate the mass of pollutant in total, adding first and Second flow pollutant, and dividing in total flow. Total flow is the sum of first and second flow. It is shown in the following expression:
Replacing every value in L/d and mg/L
a) So, the concentration just downstream of the release point will be 5.3 mg/L it means 5.3 ppm.
Finally, we have to calculate the pounds of substance per day (Mp).
We have the total flow F3 = F1 + F2 and the final concentration . It is required to calculate per day, let's take a time of t = 1 day.
After that, mg are converted to pounds.
b) A total of 137.6 pounds pass a given spot downstream per day.