Answer:
Four substitution products are obtained. The carbocation that forms can react with either nucleophile (H2O or CH3OH) from either the top or bottom side of the molecule
Explanation:
An SN1 reaction usually involves the formation of a carbocation in the slow rate determining step. This carbocation is now attacked by a nucleophile in a subsequent fast step to give the desired product.
However, the product is obtained as a racemic mixture because the nucleophile may attack from the top or bottom of the carbocation hence both attacks are equally probable.
The attacking nucleophile in this case may be water or CH3OH
Inevitable manufacturing imperfections in optical fiber leads to birefringence, which is one cause of pulse broadening in fiber-optic communications. Such imperfections can be geometrical (lack of circular symmetry), due to stress applied to the optical fiber and/or due to bending of the fiber.
In an ecosystem, the only true producers are autotrophic organisms like plants and bacteria. These organisms produce energy by converting the energy from the sun into simple sugars.
All of the other organisms in the food chain, like the fruit fly, are simply consuming the energy produced by the plants/bacteria and not actually making/producing energy from a new source.
Greater than 23mcg/dl is considered a high level of morning cortisol.
Normally, cortisol levels rise during the early morning hours and are highest about 7AM. They drop very low in the evening and during the early phase of sleep. If you do not have this daily change (diurnal rhythm) in cortisol levels, you may have overactive adrenal glands. This condition is called Cushing's syndrome.
Answer:
Chemistry is used almost everywhere you go. from the car you use to get to work (gasoline burning) to the nuclear reactors that power many homes ( uranium becoming unstable to product electricity.
