Provide the structures of the fragments that result when the molecular ion of 2-heptanone undergoes fragmentation via McLafferty
rearrangement. Include charges and single electrons.
1 answer:
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
We have to start, remembering the mechanism behind the <u>McLafferty rearrangement</u>. The hydrogen in the g<u>amma carbon</u> (in this case, carbon 5) would be removed by a <u>heterolytic rupture</u> due to the <u>cation-radical</u> placed in the oxygen of the <u>carbonyl group</u>. Then we will have several heterolytic ruptures. Between <u>carbons alpha and beta</u> (in this case, 4 and 3) and a rupture in the <u>carbonyl group</u>. Due to these ruptures, <u>two double bonds would be formed</u>. One double bond in the alcohol cation-radical and the other one in the alkene.
See figure 1
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Answer:
- Question 19: the three are molecular compounds.
- Question 20: CuSO₄.5H₂O
Explanation:
<em>Question 19.</em>
- C₂H₄
- HF
- H₂O₂
All of them are the combination of two kinds of different atoms in fixed proportions.
- C₂H₄: two carbon atoms per four hydrogen atoms
- HF: one hydrogen atom per one fluorine atom
- H₂O₂: two hydrogen atoms per two oxygent atoms
Thus, they all meet the definition of compund: a pure substance formed by two or more different elements with a definite composition.
Molecular compounds are formed by covalent bonds and ionic compounds are formed by ionic bonds.
Two non-metal elements, like H-F, C - C, C - H, H-O, H - H, and O - O will share electrons forming covalent bonds to complete their valence shell. Thus, the three compounds are molecular and not ionic.
<em>Question 20. </em>Formula of copper(II) sulfate hydrate with 36.0% water.
Copper(II) sulfate is CuSO₄. Its molar mass is 159.609g/mol
Water is H₂O. Its molar mass is 18.015g/mol
Calling x the number of water molecules in the hydrate, the percentage of water is:
From which we can solve for x:
Thus, there are 5 molecules of water per each unit of CuSO₄, and the formula is:
- CuSO₄.5H₂O