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3 years ago

What are the three rules for writing the electron configuration of elements

Physics

1 answer:

astraxan [27]3 years ago

4 0

Answer:

The aufbau principle

The Pauli exclusion principle

Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity

Explanation:

The aufbau principle:

The fundamental electronic configuration is achieved by placing the electrons one by one in the different orbitals available for the atom, which are arranged in increasing order of energy.

The Pauli exclusion principle:

Two electrons of the same atom cannot have their four equal quantum numbers. Because each orbital is defined by the quantum numbers n, l, and m, there are only two possibilities ms = -1/2 and ms = +1/2, which physically reflects that each orbital can contain a maximum of two electrons, having opposite spins

Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity:

This rule says that when there are several electrons occupying degenerate orbitals, of equal energy, they will do so in different orbitals and with parallel spins, whenever this is possible. Because electrons repel each other, the minimum energy configuration is one that has electrons as far away as possible from each other, and that is why they are distributed separately before two electrons occupy the same orbital.

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A centrifuge rotor rotating at 10,000 rpm is shut off and is eventually brought to rest by a frictional force of 1.20m n. if the

Pani-rosa [81]

Answer: The moments of inertia are listed on p. 223, and a uniform cylinder through its center is: I = 1/2mr2 so I = 1/2(4.80 kg)(.0710 m)2 = 0.0120984 kgm2 Since there is a frictional torque of 1.20 Nm, we can use the angular equivalent of F = ma to find the angular deceleration: t = Ia -1.20 Nm = (0.0120984 kgm2)a a = -99.19 rad/s/s Now we have a kinematics question to solve: wo = (10,000 Revolutions/Minute)(2p radians/revolution)(1 minute/60 sec) = 1047.2 rad/s w = 0 a = -99.19 rad/s/s Let's find the time first: w = wo + at : wo = 1047.2 rad/s; w = 0 rad/s; a = -99.19 rad/s/s t = 10.558 s = 10.6 s And the displacement (Angular) Now the formula I want to use is only in the formula packet in its linear form, but it works just as well in angular form s = (u+v)t/2 Which is q = (wo+w)t/2 : wo = 1047.2 rad/s; w = 0 rad/s; t = 10.558 s q = (125.7 rad/s+418.9 rad/s)(3.5 s)/2 = 952.9 radians But the problem wanted revolutions, so let's change the units: q = (5528.075087 radians)(revolution/2p radians) = 880. revolutions

6 0

3 years ago

What is the magnitude of the momentum change of two gallons of water (inertia about 7.3 kg ) as it comes to a stop in a bathtub

aliya0001 [1]

We know that the change in momentum is equals to the product of force and time that is impulse ( $F \times t$ ). Therefore, we need to determine the value of that the water is in air by using the second equation of motion,

$s=ut+\frac{1}{2} gt^2$

Here, u is initial velocity which is zero.

$s= \frac{1}{2} gt^2 \\\\ t = \sqrt{\frac{2s}{g} }$ .

Thus, impulse

$= F \times \sqrt{\frac{2s}{g} }$

From Newton`s second law,

$F =mg$

Therefore, impulse

$= mg \times \sqrt{\frac{2s}{g} } = m \sqrt{2gs}$

Given, $m = 7.3 kg$ and $s = 2.0 m$

Substituting these values, we get

Change in momentum = impulse

$= 7.3 \ kg \sqrt{2 \times 9.8 \ m/s^2 \times 2.0 \ m } = 45 .7 \ Ns$ .

8 0

3 years ago

How does the density of a medium affectthe speed of a wave traveling through it

Mariana [72]

The denser the medium, the harder the sound struggles to travel through. The medium will determine how effectively the sound will travel, for example, large bodies of water has barely any sound for its density.

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3 years ago

A 27-g steel-jacketed bullet is fired with a velocity of 640 m/s toward a steel plate and ricochets along path CD with a velocit

Dmitry [639]

Answer:

F = - 3.56*10⁵ N

Explanation:

To attempt this question, we use the formula for the relationship between momentum and the amount of movement.

I = F t = Δp

Next, we try to find the time that the average speed in the contact is constant (v = 600m / s), so we say

v = d / t

t = d / v

Given that

m = 26 g = 26 10⁻³ kg

d = 50 mm = 50 10⁻³ m

t = d/v

t = 50 10⁻³ / 600

t = 8.33 10⁻⁵ s

F t = m v - m v₀

This is so, because the bullet bounces the speed sign after the crash is negative

F = m (v-vo) / t

F = 26*10⁻³ (-500 - 640) / 8.33*10⁻⁵

F = - 3.56*10⁵ N

The negative sign is as a result of the force exerted against the bullet

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2 years ago

When distances were carefully measured from the Earth to globular clusters above and below the Milky Way plane (where our view o

uranmaximum [27]

Answer:

A) Spherically symmetric about a point in the constellation Sagittarius and concentrated in that direction

Explanation:

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3 years ago