The products are favored over the reactants
Answer:
The coronavirus has RNA?
Explanation:
Coronaviruses are important human and animal pathogens and contain an extraordinarily long (27-31 kb) RNA genome. Its RNA synthesis involves complex mechanisms of regulation, similar to those of DNA viruses. In this treatise, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is used as a model for the discussion of the mechanism of viral RNA synthesis. We show that MHV RNA synthesis requires interactions of multiple RNA components, which are likely mediated by protein-RNA and protein-protein, as well as RNA-RNA, interactions. This virus also provides a unique example of a discontinuous transcription mechanism, which involves a trans-acting RNA component. Finally, study of the cis-acting signals for the various steps of RNA synthesis revealed an insight into the regulation of viral RNA synthesis. This discussion suggests that the regulation of RNA synthesis in coronavirus is more complex than previously thought possible for RNA viruses. Coronavirus RNA transcription and replication may serve as a paradigm of RNA synthesis for RNA viruses in general.
Answer:
Explanation:
The following are the order of point from oldest to most recent
1. Atoms are tiny indivisible particles that make up all mater.
it is Postulate of Dalton's atomic theory. this theory was put forward in 1803
2. Negatively charged electrons are embedded in a mass of positive charge.
In 1897 J.J Thomson discovered that atom consist of tiny negatively charged particles called electrons that are uniformly spread in +vely charged matrix this model called as plum pudding model.
3. Atoms consist of mostly empty space with a dense nucleus of positive charge.
While doing experiment on gold foil Rutherford presented a model in 1909 and stated that atom consist mostly empty space with dense nucleus.
4. Electrons occupy specific energy levels surrounding a positively charged nucleus.
Niels Bohr in 1913 put forward a model to explain atomic orbitals/energy level. This is a postulate of Bohr model.
5. Electrons move about a positively charged nucleus in clouds that are defined by probabilities.
In 1926 Erwin Schrödinger explain the wave function of electrons and its probability.
Answer:
32
Step-by-step explanation:
There are two ways you can count the valence electrons.
A. From the Periodic Table
1 × P (Group 15) = 5
4 × O (Group 16) = 4 × 6 = 24
+3 e⁻ (for the charges) = <u> 3</u>
Total = 32
B. From the Lewis structure
In the <em>Lewis structure</em> (below), each line (bond) represents a pair of bonding electrons, and each dot represents an unbound electron (half a lone pair).
5 lines (bonds) = 5 × 2 = 10
3 single-bonded O atoms = 3 × 6 = 18
1 double-bonded O atom = <u> 4</u>
Total = 32
Answer:
<em>C. The electron-withdrawing fluorine atoms pull electron density from the oxygen in trifluoroacetate. The negative charge is more stabilized in trifluoroacetate by this effect.</em>
<em></em>
Explanation:
<em>The structures of trifluoroacetate and acetic acid are both shown in the image attached.</em>
<em>The trifluoroacetate anion (CF3CO2-), just like the acetate anion has in the middle, two oxygen atoms.</em>
<em>However, in the trifluoroacetate anion, there are also three electronegative fluorine atoms attached to the nearby carbon atom attached to the carbonyl, and these pull some electron density through the sigma bonding network away from the oxygen atoms, thereby spreading out the negative charge further. This effect, called the "inductive effect" stabilizes the anion formed,the trifouoroacetate anion is thus more stabilized than the acetate anion.</em>
<em>Hence, trifluoroacetic acid is a stronger acid than acetic acid, having a pKa of -0.18.</em>
<em></em>
<u><em>Hope this helps!</em></u>
<u><em>Please mark brainliest!</em></u>
