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2 years ago

State the three rules that define how electrons are arranged in atoms

2 answers:

8 0

3 rules that define how electrons can be arranged in an atom's orbital. All orbitals related to an energy level are of equal energy. Single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal-energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbitals.

Hunter-Best [27]2 years ago

6 0

The three correct rules or principles are the Aufbau Principle, Hund’s Rule, and the Pauli Exclusion Principle. Aufbau’s Principle states that each electron orbits the lowest energy orbital. It also states that all orbitals related to an energy level are of equal energy. Hund’s Rule states that single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal-energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbitals. And finally, the Pauli Exclusion Principle states that a maximum of two electrons may occupy a single orbital, but only if the electrons have opposite spins. Hope this helps.

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Suppose the half-life is 9.0 s for a first order reaction and the reactant concentration is 0.0741 M 50.7 s after the reaction s

bazaltina [42]

Answer: The time taken by the reaction is 84.5 seconds

Explanation:

The equation used to calculate half life for first order kinetics:

$k=\frac{0.693}{t_{1/2}}$

where,

$t_{1/2}$ = half-life of the reaction = 9.0 s

k = rate constant = ?

Putting values in above equation, we get:

$k=\frac{0.693}{9}=0.077s^{-1}$

Rate law expression for first order kinetics is given by the equation:

$k=\frac{2.303}{t}\log\frac{[A_o]}{[A]}$ ......(1)

where,

k = rate constant = $0.077s^{-1}$

t = time taken for decay process = 50.7 sec

$[A_o]$ = initial amount of the reactant = ?

[A] = amount left after decay process = 0.0741 M

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

$0.077=\frac{2.303}{50.7}\log\frac{[A_o]}{0.0741}$

$[A_o]=3.67M$

Now, calculating the time taken by using equation 1:

$[A]=0.0055M$

$k=0.077s^{-1}$

$[A_o]=3.67M$

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

$0.077=\frac{2.303}{t}\log\frac{3.67}{0.0055}\\\\t=84.5s$

Hence, the time taken by the reaction is 84.5 seconds

6 0

3 years ago

Give three reasons why fluid spills in water are more damaging than fluid spills on land

marta [7]

Answer:

1) Oil is less dense than water so when oil spills, it spreads across the entire water surface.

2) The oil spreads very quickly with lighter oils such as gasoline.

3) Wind, Currents, and Warm Temperatures will cause Oil to spread quicker.

7 0

2 years ago

(e) Another student investigated the rate of a different reaction

vodka [1.7K]

Answer:

0.07 g/s.

Explanation:

From the question given above, the following data were obtained:

Mass lost = 9.85 g

Time taken = 2 min 30 s

Mean rate =?

Next, we shall convert 2 min 30 s to seconds (s). This can be obtained as follow:

1 min = 60 s

Thus,

2 min = 2 × 60 = 120 s

Therefore,

2 min 30 s = 120 s + 30 s = 150 s

Finally, we shall determine the mean rate of the reaction. This can be obtained as illustrated below:

Mass lost = 9.85 g

Time taken = 150 s

Mean rate =?

Mean rate = mass lost / time taken

Mean rate = 9.85 / 150

Mean rate = 0.07 g/s

Therefore, the mean rate of the reaction is 0.07 g/s

4 0

3 years ago

The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. This can be gleane

GenaCL600 [577]

Answer : The total mass of oxygen gas released in the reaction will be, 12.8 grams

Explanation :

Law of conservation of mass : It states that mass can neither be created nor be destroyed but it can only be transformed from one form to another form.

This also means that total mass on the reactant side must be equal to the total mass on the product side.

The balanced chemical reaction will be,

$2MgO\rightarrow 2Mg+O_2$