2 minutes is 120 seconds, so if you were finding vibrations per minute, it would be 60 times a minute.
Answer: 1. Being able to carbon date fossils
From the daily exposure to radioisotopes of organisms, scientists discovered to carbon date fossils. In carbon dating, the age of organic matter can be determined from the relative proportions of C-12 and C-14 i.e. isotopes of Carbon (carbon 12 and carbon 14). This ratio changes over the years because carbon-14 decays and is not replenished as there is no exchange with the atmosphere.
The cell cycle has two main phases, interphase and mitosis. Mitosis is the process during which one cell divides into two. Interphase is the time during which preparations for mitosis are made. Interphase itself is made up of three phases -- G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase -- along with a special phase called G0.
The characteristics of thermal expansion allow finding that the response for a material without thermal expansion is
- The length variation is zero
- In the graph the line is horizontal so there is no change in length with temperature
Thermal expansion is the macroscopic sum of the changes in the length of the bonds when the energy (temperature) changes, it can be written
ΔL = α L₀ ΔT
Where ΔL is the change in length, α the coefficient of linear expansion, L₀ the initial length and ΔT the change in body temperature
In this case, a material is being designed that the thermal expansion is very small, for this the material must be made up of several compounds where some of them present a contraction with temperature, some examples: water at low temperature, liquefied gases , ceramic tile, quartz, etc.
The thermal expansion measurement processes control the body temperature and measure the change in length, in this case the change in length must be zero, in the attachment we can see a graph of a composite material with these characteristics, an example of this type of material is Invar an alloy of nickel and iron α = 3.7 10⁻⁶ ºC⁻¹
In conclusion, using the characteristics of thermal expansion we can find that the response of material without thermal expansion is
- The length variation is zero
- In the graph the line is horizontal so there is no change in length with temperature
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