Answer:
electron-electron repulsion
Explanation:
When electrons add into valence shell of neutral elements, the element assumes a negative oxidation state. With this, the number of electrons having (-) charges will be larger than the number of protons having positive (+) charges. As a result, the extra electrons repel one another (i.e., like charges repel) and a larger radius is the result.
In contrast, when cations are formed, electrons are removed from the valence level (oxidation) producing an element having a greater number of protons than electrons. The larger number of protons will function to attract the electron cloud with a greater force that results in a contraction of atomic radius and a smaller spherical volume than the neutral unionized element.
To visualize, see attached chart that shows atomic and ionic radii before and after ionization of the elements.
When elements transfer electrons from a cation and an anion it called ionic bond.
1. The molar mass of Fe2(CO3)3 is 291.72 g/mol. This means that 45.6 g is equivalent to 0.156 mol. Dividing by the 0.167 L of water gives a solution of 0.936 M.
2. Multiplying (0.672 M)(0.025 L) = 0.0168 mol. The molar mass of Ni(OH)2 is 92.71 g/mol, so multiplying by 0.0168 mol = 1.56 grams. Therefore you would need to dissolved 1.56 g of Ni(OH)2 into 25 mL of water.
3. Fe2(CO3)3 + Ni(OH)2 --> Fe(OH)3 + NiCO3Balancing: Fe2(CO3)3 + 3Ni(OH)2 --> 2Fe(OH)3 + 3NiCO3The reaction quotient is:[Fe(OH)3]^2 * [NiCO3]^3 / [Fe2(CO3)3][Ni(OH)2]^3= (0.05)^2 * (1.45)^3 / (0.936)(0.672)^3= 0.0268Since this is < 1, it implies that the reactants are favored at equilibrium.
Bromine has the following electron configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p5. categorize the electrons in each. Answer for video: The video player is loaded.
On the periodic chart, row 5, column 7, is where you can find a chemical element that was identified in 1811. It has a proton count of 53 and an atomic mass of 126.9. Iodine's atom, then, contains 53 electrons in the following configuration: 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3d10, 4p6, 5s2, 4d10, 5p5 (Kr 4d10 5s2 5p5). Cu Z = 29 has an electrical arrangement of 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1. Copper (Co) has the following electron configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s3 3p6 4s2 3d7. If a chemist were to refer to Copper by its subshell, they would abbreviate this notation to "3d7."
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Nitrogen is 5 valence electrons
oxygen is 6 valence electrons
fluorine is 7 electrons
